Abstract: In one form, an audience participation method and apparatus whereby mass audience members who are physically present in a venue can, upon being cued, convey quantitative data regarding their personal real-time individual and collective preferences, choices, opinions, and other personal responses concerning events taking place in the venue or otherwise, to digital image data processing systems, data bases and data transmission media by the act of posing passive, user-manipulated personal data-source devices, a multiplicity of such devices being visible within the Field of View (FOV) of one or more venue-associated digital imagers which can collect images of the devices and pass said images to image analysis computer programs with the analysis results being promptly available for uses by other venue systems such as those used for announcements and displays to the venue audiences as well as optionally being made available to information systems addressing audiences not within the venue.

Abstract: A metallurgical process involves providing an ingredient enclosure and placing a plurality of granules of a first material in the ingredient enclosure. The first material contains a first ingredient in a metallurgical process. A metallurgical process furnace having a chamber in which ingredients for the metallurgical process are added is provided and the ingredient enclosure and the first material are added to the chamber. The chamber is heated after the addition of the ingredient enclosure and the first material to the chamber, although it may also be heated prior to such addition. In one form, the granules comprise mill scale and the metallurgical process furnace is a blast furnace.

Abstract: A metallurgical process involves providing an ingredient enclosure and placing a plurality of granules of a first material in the ingredient enclosure. The enclosure is formed using a blank (40) where a deformation former (28) deforms the blank against an aperture (24) in a plate (FIG. 1). No die blank is required on the opposite side of the blank from the deformation former. The first material is added into the formed container component. In one form, two approximately symmetrical hemispherical container components are attached together to form the enclosure. A metallurgical process furnace having a chamber in which ingredients for the metallurgical process are added is provided and the ingredient enclosure and the first material are added to the chamber. The chamber is heated after the addition of the ingredient enclosure and the first material to the chamber, although it may also be heated prior to such addition.

Abstract: A metallurgical process involves providing an ingredient enclosure and placing a plurality of granules of a first material in the ingredient enclosure. The first material contains a first ingredient in a metallurgical process. A metallurgical process furnace having a chamber in which ingredients for the metallurgical process are added is provided and the ingredient enclosure and the first material are added to the chamber. The chamber is heated after the addition of the ingredient enclosure and the first material to the chamber, although it may also be heated prior to such addition. In one form, the granules comprise mill scale and the metallurgical process furnace is a blast furnace.

Abstract: A metallurgical process involves providing an ingredient enclosure and placing a plurality of granules of a first material in the ingredient enclosure. The first material contains a first ingredient in a metallurgical process. A metallurgical process furnace having a chamber in which ingredients for the metallurgical process are added is provided and the ingredient enclosure and the first material are added to the chamber. The chamber is heated after the addition of the ingredient enclosure and the first material to the chamber, although it may also be heated prior to such addition. In one form, the granules comprise mill scale and the metallurgical process furnace is a blast furnace.

Abstract: A metallurgical process involves providing an ingredient enclosure and placing a plurality of granules of a first material in the ingredient enclosure. The first material contains a first ingredient in a metallurgical process. A metallurgical process furnace having a chamber in which ingredients for the metallurgical process are added is provided and the ingredient enclosure and the first material are added to the chamber. The chamber is heated after the addition of the ingredient enclosure and the first material to the chamber, although it may also be heated prior to such addition. In one form, the granules comprise mill scale and the metallurgical process furnace is a blast furnace.

Abstract: A metallurgical process involves providing an ingredient enclosure and placing a plurality of granules of a first material in the ingredient enclosure. The first material contains a first ingredient in a metallurgical process. A metallurgical process furnace having a chamber in which ingredients for the metallurgical process are added is provided and the ingredient enclosure and the first material are added to the chamber. The chamber is heated after the addition of the ingredient enclosure and the first material to the chamber, although it may also be heated prior to such addition. In one form, the granules comprise mill scale and the metallurgical process furnace is a blast furnace.

Abstract: A metallurgical process involves providing an ingredient enclosure and placing a plurality of granules of a first material in the ingredient enclosure. The first material contains a first ingredient in a metallurgical process. A metallurgical process furnace having a chamber in which ingredients for the metallurgical process are added is provided and the ingredient enclosure and the first material are added to the chamber. The chamber is heated after the addition of the ingredient enclosure and the first material to the chamber, although it may also be heated prior to such addition. In one form, the granules comprise mill scale and the metallurgical process furnace is a blast furnace.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting a metallurgical process. In one form, iron oxides in the form of mill scale is placed in a container and subjected to heat thereby largely reducing the mill scale and largely converting it to metallic iron that can then be used in steel making processes, such as electric arc furnaces and the like. In one form, the container prevents volatile gases (such as gases given off when oily mill scale is heated) for a sufficient time so that the volatile gases heated to a high enough temperature to maximize pyrolysis and decomposition. In one form, vents are provided in the containers that are aligned with collection vents in the heating furnace so that any volatile gases may be easily removed without loss of large quantities of heat.

Abstract: A signal processing means (40) outputs a signal (41) representing a number when a combination of at least two imagers (11), (12) detects a spatial arrangement of a plurality of code portions of a coded data source (60)—where the spatial arrangement of the plurality of code portions represents the number, and where imager combinations can comprise spatial, temporal, and light property combinations.

Abstract: A signal processing means (40) outputs a signal (41) representing a number when a combination of at least two imagers (11), (12) detects a spatial arrangement of a plurality of code portions of a coded data source (60)—where the spatial arrangement of the plurality of code portions represents the number, and where imager combinations can comprise spatial, temporal, and light property combinations.

Abstract: A temperature-indicating target length (15) of an expanding fluid thermometer (11) imbedded inside an object (91) moving in the flow (81) is achieved at a target point (21) along a flow and is measured by a measuring means at a location outside of the flow; where the measuring means can be radiating energy (31) projecting an image (32) of the target length outside the flow, and the measuring means can be causing the fluid length to be locked at the target length, removing the object from the flow, and measuring the target length outside the flow.

Abstract: A product tailors energy deposition. In one form, the product includes a magnetic field. The magnetic field is in a pre-set tailoring relationship with a body, a target volume in the body, and a electron-photon cascade in the body produced by a photon beam, where the photon beam and the electron-photon cascade are substantially parallel to a beam path. In one form, the magnetic field has a component non-parallel to the beam path in the target volume, which is at least one hundred gauss. The target volume having a target density and the body having a body density proximal the target volume. In one form, the tailoring relationship causes a desired distribution of energy deposited in the body and the target volume.

Abstract: The tracking product images several coded data sources (41A–41C) concurrently to cause a track signal (12) which represents each of the several coded data source locations and represents each of the several coded data source identities.

Abstract: The annotating product adapted for use with an information system and with an exhibit having a plurality of objects has an imager (11) which is signal connected to the information system (91) and has codes (31) representing (33) objects (81) from the plurality of objects, the imager detecting light (32) from several codes together and sending an indicate signal (12) which represents at least one of the several objects to the information system which then sends an annotate signal (22) to cause a display (21) to output data about objects represented by the indicate signal.

Abstract: A position control product uses a signal from an electomagnetic field sensor 11 to cause a positioning sub-system 31 to keep at least a first target coordinate 121 in a preplanned relationship with at least a first reference coordinate 111, the product being especially useful in radiation oncology where it is important to keep a target volume 71 in a body 81 in a preplanned relationship with a radiation beam, the product being useful also in other cases where the position of a reference coordinate relative to a target coordinate can not be determined by other means.

Abstract: Working with an information system operating an application—are an imager, a coded data source, and a computer-readable signal-bearing medium signal connected to the information system where light from the coded data source—which represents data—is detected by the imager which inputs a signal—which represents the light—to the information system; where a use component of the medium causes the data to be made available to the application with the application being specified by the data; and where: the imager can be from a plurality of imagers signal connected to the information system; the coded data source can be from a plurality of coded data sources; the application can be from a plurality of applications operated by the information system; and the medium can have a plurality of components which cause uses of data, management of imagers, and output signals.

Abstract: A photon beam dose enhancement is controlled by configuring at least two magnets in a staggered opposing coil configuration, such that the first central field vector of the first magnet is more anti-parallel than parallel to the second central field vector of the second magnet. In one form, the first central field vector of the first magnet is rotated between ±90° to 180° to the second central field vector of the second magnet. Typically, the first central field vector is noncoaxial with the second central field vector. The resulting magnetic field configuration has a larger portion of higher magnitude magnetic field that can reach deeper into a target body and provides additional space within the region of higher magnitude that can accommodate larger portions of a body.

Abstract: The apparatus uses retro-reflected light, having a fixed component (41) and a variable component (37) varied by a person, from a retro reflector (31) connected to a person to input data (37A) to an information system (13) and does this for each of several persons in the same time interval.

Abstract: Working with an information system operating an application—are an imager, a coded data source, and a computer-readable signal-bearing medium signal (FIG. 1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 91, 92, 93) connected to the information system where light from the data source—which represents data—is detected by the imager which inputs a signal—which represents the light—to the information system; where a use component of the medium causes the data to be made available to the application with the application being specified by the data; and where: the image can be from a plurality of imagers signal connected to the information system; the coded data source can be from a plurality of coded data sources; the application can be from a plurality of applications operated by the information system; and the medium can have a plurality of components which cause uses of data, management of imagers, and output signals.