Abstract: Fragmentation body for fragmentation projectiles and warheads, including an integral fragmentation shell structure made of cast metal, and the shell structure has an outer wall surface and an inner wall surface separated by a thickness of the shell, where at least one of the inner or outer surfaces includes recesses formed through part of the thickness of the shell to define a plurality of fragments which remain integrated with the shell structure until an explosive force is detonated in proximity of the shell, wherein the shell material comprises a steel alloy including carbon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, and the balance essentially being iron. Shell structures of the inventive fragmentation body also have a fragmentation pattern defined via recesses or grooves provided in at least one of the inner or outer wall surfaces thereof to define the size and shapes of the fragment projectiles desired.

Abstract: A penetrating, dual-mode warhead having soft target, surface burst mode and a hard target, penetrating mode is provided. The warhead has a cylindri outer fragmenting shell which contains an explosive surround. A long-rod penetrator with an explosive payload is located within the outer fragmenting shell. By arming selection prior to launch, the warhead can be configured for the surface burst mode which uses proximity sensor to initiate the outer shell explosive. The outer shell initiates the penetrator payload thereby detonating both explosives and fragmenting both the shell and penetrator casing. In the penetrating mode, the outer shell is stripped away on impact but is initiated just as the penetrator exits the shell. By this method the penetrator remains undamaged, but the outer shell nevertheless detonates to engage any surface targets. The penetrator continues into the hardened target, detonating on either a void sensor or on timing, whichever occurs first.

Abstract: The conventional monocoque missile ordnance section is replaced by a compte sheet stringer design. The composite sheet stringer design consists of a full-length, filamentary composite outer shell attached to stringers. Bending and axial loads are carried by the stringers while the outer shell will resist shear loads. The forward part of the ordnance section is devoted to the warhead. Here, fragment material would be sandwiched between the stringers, the outer shell, and possibly a filamentary composite inner shell. Fragment options include discrete fragments, plates, or rods. The aft part of the ordnance section would be available for fuzing assemblies. The composite ordnance section is connected to the rest of the missile through end joints rigidly attached to the outer composite shell and stringers.

Abstract: The conventional missile warhead is replaced by a dual wall composite franting warhead. This design consists of two concentric composite shells which sandwich a layer of fragmentation material. All missile structural loads are carried by the shells. The warhead is connected to the rest of the missile through end joints rigidly attached to the shells.

Abstract: Process for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in a sample of serum or plasma. The process comprises contacting a slightly acidic buffered sample of the serum or plasma with hydrophilic silica at room temperature, separating the silica from the sample and carrying out a radioimmunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen on said sample.

Abstract: A reagent kit for eluting antibodies present on the surface of red blood cells comprises sorbitan trioleate or other variants within the sorbitan family and a red blood cell diluent as well as methods for use.

Abstract: A double aldehyde treatment process of erythrocytes is disclosed. Erythrocytes from various sources can be treated in a two-step process to render them stable and subsequently useful in antigen antibody detection systems. Glyoxal is used as a first treating medium followed by a second treatment step using formaldehyde or glyoxal as the fixative. Glyoxal is used in the first step in amounts ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 gm. per 0.8 ml. of Packed Cell Volume of erythrocytes, followed by the second treatment step in which at least 0.1 gm. of formaldehyde or glyoxal and preferably 0.1 to 0.6 gm. per 0.8 ml. Packed Cell Volume of treated erythrocytes is used. The reaction medium is preferably aqueous hypertonic and most preferably a sodium citrate medium. The treated cells can be used in detection of hepatitis associated antigen in a reverse passive hemagglutination test.

Abstract: A rod for use in fragmenting warheads is notched so that when it is subjed to an explosive load it will break into individual fragments of predetermined shape and size. Various materials can be used depending on the desired kill mechanism. The rods may be alternated and stacked to combine materials and kill mechanisms.

Abstract: A rod is constructed using two or more materials. It is notched so that w it is subject to an explosive load it will break into individual fragments of predetermined shape and size. Rod materials are selected so that a combination of two or more kill mechanisms can be included in a single fragment. If desired, the rod can be divided into segments that contain liquid compounds.