Abstract: Solenoid-operated control apparatus wherein the solenoid coil and core are positioned to operate at an angle of 90.degree. to the reciprocably operated plunger which controls the apparatus. Thus permitting apparatus with a lower and smaller profile than presently available apparatus of the same size and further permiting easy and convenient disassembly for maintenance purposes.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved hot water heater and more particularly to a hot water heater which is normally utilized in conjunction with a hydronic boiler. The hot water heater has a single opening which is closed by a removable cover plate. The tank is provided with a corrosion resistant lining which also defines the opening and is so related to the tank so as to resist fracture under normal usage. The single cover plate carries all fluid connections of the tank and by removing the cover plate, all components of the hot water heater may be removed from within the tank for repair or replacement. The components carried by the cover plate include a hot water supply pipe or tube which extends through the heat exchange coil and terminates in an opening near the top of the tank. This tube or pipe is preferably formed of an insulated material or is insulated so that hot water passing therethrough is not cooled by the colder water in the bottom of the tank.