Abstract: Apparatus for charging a liquid with a gas comprising a container with a liquid inlet port toward the bottom thereof, a gas inlet extending through an upper wall of the container towards a jet pipe in the lower wall and an insert extending upwardly from the top of the jet pipe and around the air inlet pipe, the insert being generally conical and tapering towards its union with the jet pipe.

Abstract: Installation for gassing highly emulsified fermentation liquids in which liquid recirculated to the reaction vessel is gassed in a centrifugal pump to improve the efficiency of the process.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a centrifugal pump, particularly adapted for pumping liquids with a heavy gas content. To separate the gases from the liquids the impeller is provided with ducts leading from the central inlet to the peripheral outlet of the pump, the ducts being of progressively smaller cross section from the inlet to the outlet and openings are provided through the impeller disc for the escape of gases. There are a plurality of openings and the cross sectional area presented by the openings for the escape of gas is progressively lesser from the inlet region to the outlet region.