Abstract: A signal field indication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: generating, by a transmit end, a PPDU, where the PPDU includes a SIG-A indication field, and the SIG-A indication field includes at least one of a field used to indicate a number of SIG-A information symbols and a field used to indicate a SIG-A information bandwidth; and sending, by the transmit end, the PPDU. According to the method provided in this application, the transmit end may indicate different numbers of SIG-A information symbols and/or different SIG-A information bandwidths.

Abstract: A signal field indication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: generating, by a transmit end, a PPDU, where the PPDU includes a SIG-A indication field, and the SIG-A indication field includes at least one of a field used to indicate a number of SIG-A information symbols and a field used to indicate a SIG-A information bandwidth; and sending, by the transmit end, the PPDU. According to the method provided in this application, the transmit end may indicate different numbers of SIG-A information symbols and/or different SIG-A information bandwidths.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatuses for performing a encryption and/or protection of MAC headers and/or control frames are described. A wireless device can determine a randomized MAC address and offset to obfuscate MAC headers and/or control frames, e.g., which can change at different times/intervals. The wireless device can determine an encryption block pattern, which can be based on an encryption key and/or nonce. The wireless device can encrypt the MAC header and/or control frame. Similarly, a receiving device can receive an encrypted MAC header and/or control frame and decrypt it according to corresponding techniques.

Abstract: The present invention relates to HARQ, particularly for IEEE 802.11, i.e. Wi-Fi. The invention proposes a transmitting device for supporting such HARQ, in which the order of scrambling and encoding is changed compared to the conventional transmitter. Likewise the invention proposes a receiving device for supporting such HARQ, in which the order of descrambling and decoding is changed compared to the conventional receiver. In particular, the transmitting device is configured to encode at least one data unit using Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding, scramble the encoded data unit based on a scrambling seed, provide an indication of the scrambling seed that is separate from the scrambled and encoded data unit, and transmit the indication of the scrambling seed and then the scrambled and encoded data unit to a receiving device.

Abstract: A radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) sending method includes: obtaining, a radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU includes a high efficiency-signal field A (HE-SIG-A) and a high efficiency-signal field B (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-A includes a field indicating a quantity of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the HE-SIG-B, and wherein a value of the field indicates one of the following: that the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B is greater than or equal to 16, or the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B; and sending the PPDU.

Abstract: A channel access method and apparatus, where the method includes: determining, by a station, backoff duration based on a current first contention window; determining random padding duration based on a current second contention window when the backoff duration is reached; sending, on a channel, padding data whose duration is the random padding duration; detecting a state of the channel after the padding data is sent; and sending data on the channel if the state of the channel is an idle state.

Abstract: A transmitting device for supporting Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) includes scrambling and encoding, in which the order of scrambling and encoding is changed compared to the conventional transmitter. Likewise, a receiving device for supporting HARQ includes descrambling and decoding, in which the order of descrambling and decoding is changed compared to the conventional receiver. In particular, the transmitting device is configured to encode at least one data unit using Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding, scramble the encoded data unit based on a scrambling seed, provide an indication of the scrambling seed that is separate from the scrambled and encoded data unit, and transmit the indication of the scrambling seed and then the scrambled and encoded data unit to the receiving device.

Abstract: A signal field indication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: generating, by a transmit end, a PPDU, where the PPDU includes a SIG-A indication field, and the SIG-A indication field includes at least one of a field used to indicate a number of SIG-A information symbols and a field used to indicate a SIG-A information bandwidth; and sending, by the transmit end, the PPDU. According to the method provided in this application, the transmit end may indicate different numbers of SIG-A information symbols and/or different SIG-A information bandwidths.

Abstract: A two-stage insertion system including a gripper to grip a module, a compliance element to provide movement in the XY axis, a first stage insertion control to insert the module into a socket, to a first level, and a second stage insertion control to complete the insertion of the module into the socket, when the first stage insertion control indicates that the module is aligned to the socket, the second level insertion control exerting enough force to complete the insertion of the module into the socket.

Abstract: A signal field indication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: generating, by a transmit end, a PPDU, where the PPDU includes a SIG-A indication field, and the SIG-A indication field includes at least one of a field used to indicate a number of SIG-A information symbols and a field used to indicate a SIG-A information bandwidth; and sending, by the transmit end, the PPDU. According to the method provided in this application, the transmit end may indicate different numbers of SIG-A information symbols and/or different SIG-A information bandwidths.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) in wireless communication technologies, particularly HARQ for IEEE 802.11, i.e. HARQ for Wi-Fi. One example transmitting device is configured to encapsulate a data unit in a container unit, and encode the container unit into a codeword set of one or more codewords. One example receiving device is configured to receive, from a transmitting device, at least one codeword set of one or more codewords, decode the codewords of the codeword set to obtain a container unit, and decapsulate the container unit to obtain a data unit. A bit-size of the container unit is equal to a bit-size of the codeword set in the transmitting device and the receiving device.

Abstract: A radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) sending method includes: obtaining, a radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU includes a high efficiency-signal field A (HE-SIG-A) and a high efficiency-signal field B (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-A includes a field indicating a quantity of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the HE-SIG-B, and wherein a value of the field indicates one of the following: that the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B is greater than or equal to 16, or the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B; and sending the PPDU.

Abstract: An electronic device (such as an access point) that receives a modified response frame is described. During operation, an interface circuit in the electronic device may provide a trigger frame addressed to a second electronic device, where the trigger frame includes a trigger-frame variant that is compatible with an IEEE 802.11 standard (such as IEEE 802.11ax or a subsequent IEEE 802.11 standard). Then, the interface circuit may receive a modified response frame associated with the second electronic device, where the modified response frame is different from a response frame associated with the trigger frame specified by the IEEE 802.11 standard. When the second electronic device indicates support for the modified response frame during association with the electronic device, the interface circuit may define parameters associated with the modified response frame in an association response.

Abstract: An electronic device (such as an access point) that receives a modified response frame is described. During operation, an interface circuit in the electronic device may provide a management frame addressed to a second electronic device. Then, the interface circuit may provide a trigger frame addressed to the second electronic device, where the trigger frame includes a trigger-frame variant that is compatible with an IEEE 802.11 standard. Next, the interface circuit may receive a modified response frame associated with the second electronic device, where the modified response frame is different from a response frame associated with the trigger frame specified by the IEEE 802.11 standard, and modifications to the modified response frame are specified in the management frame.

Abstract: Some aspects include apparatuses and methods for implementing a target wake time (TWT) scheme (or technique) for multi-link wireless communication networks. For example, a multi-link device (MILD) includes a first station (STA) associated with a first link of a wireless network and configured to communicate with a second MLD over the first link using a multi-link target wake time (TWT) process. The MLD also includes a second STA associated with a second link of the wireless network and configured to communicate with the second MLD over the second link using the multi-link TWT process. The MLD further includes one or more processors communicatively coupled to the first and second STAs and configured to control the operations of the first and second STAs to perform the multi-link TWT process.

Abstract: A radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) sending method includes: obtaining, a radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU includes a high efficiency-signal field A (HE-SIG-A) and a high efficiency-signal field B (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-A includes a field indicating a quantity of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the HE-SIG-B, and wherein a value of the field indicates one of the following: that the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B is greater than or equal to 16, or the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B; and sending the PPDU.

Abstract: A radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) sending method includes: obtaining, a radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU includes a high efficiency-signal field A (HE-SIG-A) and a high efficiency-signal field B (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-A includes a field indicating a quantity of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the HE-SIG-B, and wherein a value of the field indicates one of the following: that the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B is greater than or equal to 16, or the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B; and sending the PPDU.

Abstract: A device resolves a collision between its transmission and a simultaneous transmission of another device. The device is configured to interrupt its transmission, determine a negotiation signal, and determine at least one available resource to occupy with the negotiation signal during a negotiation period. Further, the device is configured to transmit the negotiation signal on the at least one available resource and simultaneously receive a negotiation signal on another resource from at least one other device during the negotiation period. Then, the device is configured to decide, based on all negotiation signals, whether to retransmit the interrupted transmission after the negotiation period.

Abstract: A radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) sending method includes: obtaining, a radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU includes a high efficiency-signal field A (HE-SIG-A) and a high efficiency-signal field B (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-A includes a field indicating a quantity of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the HE-SIG-B, and wherein a value of the field indicates one of the following: that the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B is greater than or equal to 16, or the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B; and sending the PPDU.

Abstract: A radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) sending method includes: obtaining, a radio physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU includes a high efficiency-signal field A (HE-SIG-A) and a high efficiency-signal field B (HE-SIG-B), the HE-SIG-A includes a field indicating a quantity of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the HE-SIG-B, and wherein a value of the field indicates one of the following: that the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B is greater than or equal to 16, or the quantity of OFDM symbols included in the HE-SIG-B; and sending the PPDU.