Abstract: Disclosed are nucleic acids, comprising a plurality of nucleotide sequences, and each nucleotide sequence of the plurality comprises a genotype that is associated with a disease or condition. For example, each nucleotide sequence of the plurality may be a human nucleotide sequence, and each genotype may be a somatic mutation that is associated with a neoplasm or a heart condition (e.g., cardiomyopathy). Also disclosed are cells comprising the nucleic acid, e.g., wherein the cell is a human cell. A related biological reference material comprises a plurality of cells comprising the nucleic acid, and a plurality of cells that do not comprise the nucleic acid (e.g., untransfected cells). The cells of the reference material may be fixed (e.g., with formalin) or embedded in paraffin.