Abstract: In the disclosed cellulase-catalyzed fermentation process for converting a cellulose- or hemicellulose-containing starting material to an organic fuel, the fermentation medium contains an efficient combination of Clostridium organisms or their enzymes. One preferred combination of organisms includes Cl. cellobioparum and Cl. acetobutylicum. Conversion of the cellulose to a liquid hydrocarbon oxidate proceeds in good yield with relativey minimal carboxylic acid production. The nondistillable residue is suitable for use as a fertilizer.

Abstract: Rotary speed changer including a 2-element internal gear set. The eccentric of a crankshaft is journalled in the inner element on its axis. Fixed to a driveshaft is a plate which has cycloid pins mating with cycloid holes in the inner element so that the driveshaft rotates at a fraction of the speed of rotation of the crankshaft. Instead of being attached to the driveshaft, the plate may be fixed to the housing so that the outer element of the gear set rotates at a fraction of the speed of the crankshaft.

Abstract: Water-laden air is fed directly into an open flame at a controlled rate, thus substantially improving the efficiency of combustion.

Abstract: Internal gear set comparable to a geroter gear set except that all teeth are provided by rollers positioned in slightly oversize pockets. The internal gear set may have two, three or more gear members to provide, respectively, one, two or more sets of expanding and collapsing chambers and may be used as a hydraulic motor, pump and/or speed reducer.