Abstract: A process for enhancing the conversion of biomass into a bio-oil containing liquid feed wherein the processability index, PI, of the biomass is optimized prior to introducing the biomass into the biomass conversion unit where catalytic pyrolysis of the biomass occurs. The PI is dependent on the ratio (S/G) between the S-unit population and the G-unit population of the biomass as well as the weight percent acetate, the weight percent alkaline (Group I metals), the weight percent of non-metals in the biomass of Group 15, Group 16 and Group 17 elements, the weight percent of metalloids (Group 13 and Group 14 elements), the weight percent xylan and the weight percent of alkaline earth (Group II metals) in the biomass feedstream.

Abstract: A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C3-C5 oxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C6+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C6+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the alteration of the ratio of the specific gravities of the oil and water phases resulting from the conversion of biomass to liquid products, the reduction of the conductivity and of metals of the product mixture, which each can aid in the removal of solids contained in the oil phase.

Abstract: A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C3-C5 oxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C6+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C6+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C3-C5 oxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C6+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C6+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for enhancing the conversion of biomass into a bio-oil containing liquid feed wherein the processability index, PI, of the biomass is optimized prior to introducing the biomass into the biomass conversion unit where catalytic pyrolysis of the biomass occurs. The PI is dependent on the ratio (S/G) between the S-unit population and the G-unit population of the biomass as well as the weight percent acetate, the weight percent alkaline (Group I metals), the weight percent of non-metals in the biomass of Group 15, Group 16 and Group 17 elements, the weight percent of metalloids (Group 13 and Group 14 elements), the weight percent xylan and the weight percent of alkaline earth (Group II metals) in the biomass feedstream.

Abstract: A process for producing renewable biofuels from biomass is provided wherein a bio-oil containing stream is hydrotreated in an integrated system which uses streams and components generated or obtained from the biomass treatment and conversion.

Abstract: Spent catalyst or regenerated catalyst from a biomass conversion unit may be rejuvenated by treating at least a portion of the spent catalyst or regenerated catalyst with a treatment acid, the treatment acid comprising an inorganic acid or an organic acid or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining properties of hydrocarbonaceous samples including a component prepared from: 1) the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, or 2) the pyrolytic conversion of biomass with subsequent upgrading. The determination of the property(ies) is by use of a near-infrared spectra based correlation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovering a water-soluble complex mixture of organic compounds from an aqueous stream through extraction and/or through contact of the aqueous stream with a sorbent or sorbents selected from the group consisting of polymeric microreticular sorbent resins, zeolite-based adsorbents, clay-based adsorbents, activated carbon-based sorbents, and mixtures thereof; and including methods to recover and upgrade the removed organic compounds.

Abstract: A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C3-C5 oxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C6+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C6+ hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining properties of hydrocarbonaceous samples including a component prepared from: 1) the thermo-catalytic conversion of biomass, or 2) the pyrolytic conversion of biomass with subsequent upgrading. The determination of the property(ies) is by use of a near-infrared spectra based correlation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the alteration of the ratio of the specific gravities of the oil and water phases resulting from the conversion of biomass to liquid products, the reduction of the conductivity and of metals of the product mixture, which each can aid in the removal of solids contained in the oil phase.

Abstract: Fungicidal compounds of the general formula (I): wherein X and Y are independently H, halo, C1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C1-8 alkoxy, C1-8 alkylthio, nitro, amino, mono- or di-(C1-6)alkylamino, mono- or di-(C2-6)alkenylamino, mono- or di-(C2-6)alkynylamino, formylamino, C1-4 alkyl(formyl)amino, C1-4 alkylcarbonylamino, C1-4 alkyl(C1-4 alkylcarbonyl)amino, cyano, formyl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl, C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, mono- or di-(C1-4)alkylaminocarbonyl, carboxy, C1-4 alkylcarbonyloxy, aryl(C1-4)alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-4 alkylsulphinyl, C1-4 alkylsulphonyl, C1-4 alkylsulphonyloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, heteroaryloxy or heteroarylthio wherein any of the foregoing alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, groups or moieties are optionally substituted; R1 is phenyl, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl or C2-4 alkynyl in which the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups are optionally substituted on their terminal carbon atom with one, two or three halogen a

Abstract: The novel compounds of formula I: wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl; R2 is hydrogen, or an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkadienyl or phenyl group; Hal is halogen; and L1 through L5 are each hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or nitro, provided that at least one of L1 through L5 represents nitro or alkoxy; show selective fungicidal activity. The new compounds are processed with carriers and adjuvants to fungicidal compositions.

Abstract: Fungicidal compounds of the general formula (I): wherein X and Y are independently H, halo, C1-8 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C2-8 alkenyl, C2-8 alkynyl, C1-8 alkoxy, C1-8 alkylthio, nitro, amino, mono- or di-(C1-6)alkylamino, mono- or di-(C2-6)alkenylamino, mono- or di-(C2-6)alkynylamino, formylamino, C1-4 alkyl(formyl)amino, C1-4 alkylcarbonylamino, C1-4 alkyl(C1-4 alkylcarbonyl)amino, cyano, formyl, C1-4 alkylcarbonyl, C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, mono- or di-(C1-4)alkylaminocarbonyl, carboxy, C1-4 alkylcarbonyloxy, aryl(C1-4)alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-4 alkylsulphinyl, C1-4 alkylsulphonyl, C1-4 alkylsulphonyloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, arylthio, heteroaryloxy or heteroarylthio wherein any of the foregoing alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, groups or moieties are optionally substituted; R1 is phenyl, cyano, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl or C2-4 alkynyl in which the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl groups are optionally substituted on their terminal carbon atom with one, two or thre halogen atoms,

Abstract: Fungicidal compositions comprising an acceptable carrier and/or surface active agent and synergistically effective amounts of (a) at least one azolopyrimidine of formula I  in which R1, R2, L1, L2 and L3 have the meaning given in claim 1; and (b) at least one fungicidal active ingredient selected from benomyl, carboxin, captan, chlorothalonil, copper oxychloride, cyprodinil, dimethomorph, dithianon, dodine, famoxadone, fenhexamid, fenpiclonil, fenpropimorph, fluazinam, mancozeb, metalaxyl, pyrimethanil, quinoxifen, sulfur, triforine, vinclozolin, a fungicidal triazole derivative, and a synthetic strobilurine derivative. The invention also provides a method of controlling the growth of phytopathogenic fungi at a locus by applying synergistically effective amounts of at least one azolopyrimidine of formula I and at least one fungicidal active ingredient (b) to the locus.

Abstract: The invention relates to fungicidal compositions comprising an acceptable carrier and/or surface active agent and synergistically effective amounts of (a) at least one azolopyrimidine of formula I  in which R1 through R2, L, A and n have the meaning given in claim 1; (b) and at least one melanin biosynthesis inhibitor (MBI), preferably a phenoxyamide of formula II  wherein R5 through R9, Y and m have the meaning given in claim 2; and to a method of controlling the growth of phythopathogenic fungi at a locus which comprises applying synergistically effective amounts of at least one azolopyrimidine of formula I (a) and at least one MBI (b) to the locus.

Abstract: Fungicidal compositions comprising an acceptable carrier and/or surface active agent and synergistically effective amounts of

Abstract: The novel compounds of formula I: wherein (R1, R2, Hal and L1 through L5 are defined in the specification) show selective fungicidal activity. The new compounds may be processed with carriers and adjuvants to produce fungicidal compositions.