Abstract: A process for direct esterification of an alkyl aldehyde with an alkyl alcohol to produce an alkyl ester is disclosed. The process comprises reacting an alkyl aldehyde with an alkyl alcohol in the presence of an Au/TiOa catalyst, a base and an enal or oxygen to form an ester and an aldehyde. The process avoids liberation of water and avoids the step of oxidation of the alkyl aldehyde to an alkyl acid.

Abstract: A process for direct esterification of an alkyl aldehyde with an alkyl alcohol to produce an alkyl ester is disclosed. The process comprises reacting an alkyl aldehyde with an alkyl alcohol in the presence of an Au/TiOa catalyst, a base and an enal or oxygen to form an ester and an aldehyde. The process avoids liberation of water and avoids the step of oxidation of the alkyl aldehyde to an alkyl acid.

Abstract: Methods for producing cyclododecasulfur are disclosed, that include the steps of: oxidizing a bromide in aqueous solution to produce a mixture of molecular bromine, tribromide, and bromide; reducing water to produce hydrogen and a hydroxide; and reacting a metallasulfur derivative with the molecular bromine, to produce cyclododecasulfur and a metallabromide derivative.

Abstract: Methods for producing cyclododecasulfur are disclosed that include the steps of: reacting a metallasulfur derivative with a molecular halogen to produce cyclododecasulfur and a metallahalide derivative; and reacting the metallahalide derivative with a sulfide or polysulfide to produce the metallasulfur derivative and a halide.

Abstract: Methods for producing cyclododecasulfur are disclosed that include the steps of: reacting a bromide with molecular chlorine to obtain molecular bromine and a chloride; oxidizing the chloride in aqueous solution with removal of electrons to obtain molecular chlorine; reducing water with electrons to obtain hydrogen and a hydroxide; and reacting a metallasulfur derivative with the molecular bromine, to produce cyclododecasulfur and a metallabromide derivative.

Abstract: Method for producing molecular halogen are disclosed, that include the steps of: oxidizing a halide to produce a mixture comprising one or more of a molecular halogen, a trihalide, and a halide; reducing a polysulfide comprising a higher rank polysulfide dianion to produce a lower rank polysulfide dianion; and recovering molecular halogen from the mixture comprising one or more of a molecular halogen, a trihalide, and a halide.

Abstract: A process for making methyl esters in high yields is provided. The process comprises contacting aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes and methanol with an iron catalyst, to catalyze the dehydrogenative coupling between aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes and methanol. The reaction is highly selective (<99.9%) toward the formation of methyl esters over homoesters and alcohols and operates at temperatures of less than 100° C. for 2-8 hours.

Abstract: A stable emulsion having a fluid medium; a phase change material (PCM) comprising a straight, branched and/or cyclic aliphatic moiety having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms, polymers, and copolymers having residues of the straight, branched and/or cyclic aliphatic moiety; and a modified cyclodextrin having at least one functional moiety capable of forming a stable emulsion with the PCM in the fluid medium. The invention further includes a modified paint or surface coating having from 10 to 99 weight % of a base coating and from 1 to 90 weight % of the stable emulsion admixed therein.

Abstract: A stable emulsion having a fluid medium; a phase change material (PCM) comprising a straight, branched and/or cyclic aliphatic moiety having from 3 to 18 carbon atoms, polymers, and copolymers having residues of the straight, branched and/or cyclic aliphatic moiety; and a modified cyclodextrin having at least one functional moiety capable of forming a stable emulsion with the PCM in the fluid medium. The invention further includes a modified paint or surface coating having from 10 to 99 weight % of a base coating and from 1 to 90 weight % of the stable emulsion admixed therein.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the preparation of vinyl acetate by contacting a mixture of hydrogen and ketene with a heterogeneous catalyst containing a transition metal to produce acetaldehyde, which is then reacted with ketene in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce vinyl acetate.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the preparation of vinyl acetate by contacting within a contact zone a mixture of ketene and acetaldehyde with an acid catalyst at about one bar pressure and between about 85.degree. and 200.degree. C. and removing the reaction products from the contact zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of acetaldehyde by the hydrogenation of ketene in the presence of a transition metal hydrogenation catalyst.