Abstract: Methods and apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat such as individuals carrying hidden explosive materials, land mines on roads, etc. are disclosed. One method comprises illuminating a target with radiation at a first polarization, collecting first radiation reflected from the target which has the same polarization as the first polarization, illuminating a target with radiation at a second polarization, and collecting second radiation reflected from the target which has the same polarization as the second polarization. A threat determination is then made based on the difference between the energy values of the first and second collected radiations. In other embodiments, the difference between energy values is used in conjunction with an evaluation of the returned energy in comparison with returned energy from other targets in order to additionally assess whether the primary target is a threat.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat such as individuals carrying hidden explosive materials, land mines on roads, etc. are disclosed. One method comprises illuminating a target with radiation at a first polarization, collecting first radiation reflected from the target which has the same polarization as the first polarization, illuminating a target with radiation at a second polarization, and collecting second radiation reflected from the target which has the same polarization as the second polarization. A threat determination is then made based on the difference between the energy values of the first and second collected radiations. In other embodiments, the difference between energy values is used in conjunction with an evaluation of the returned energy in comparison with returned energy from other targets in order to additionally assess whether the primary target is a threat.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat such as individuals carrying hidden explosive materials, land mines on roads, etc. are disclosed. Methods comprise transmitting radar signals in the direction of a potential threat, measuring the energy in reflected signals, dynamically generating a threat threshold value from signals received from multiple areas and comparing the energy in the reflected signals corresponding to different areas to the generated threat threshold value. The threat threshold value may be generated by averaging the weighted reflected energy measured from different areas during a single scan of a region including the different areas. The contribution to the threshold from different areas is weighted in some embodiments as a function of the distance from the transmitter and/or receiver to the particular area. Analysis of areas and treating different areas as segments facilitates accurate analysis and display of threat information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat such as individuals carrying hidden explosive materials, land mines on roads, etc. are disclosed. Methods comprise transmitting radar signals in the direction of a potential threat, measuring the energy in reflected signals, dynamically generating a threat threshold value from signals received from multiple areas and comparing the energy in the reflected signals corresponding to different areas to the generated threat threshold value. The threat threshold value may be generated by averaging the weighted reflected energy measured from different areas during a single scan of a region including the different areas. The contribution to the threshold from different areas is weighted in some embodiments as a function of the distance from the transmitter and/or receiver to the particular area. Analysis of areas and treating different areas as segments facilitates accurate analysis and display of threat information.

Abstract: Methods and Apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat, and alerting against detected threats, such as individuals wearing or carrying explosive materials and/or weapons, e.g., suicide bombers and other terrorists, at a great enough distance to limit loss of life and destruction of property are disclosed. The methods comprise transmitting a signal in the direction of a potential threat, measuring the detected reflected signal, and comparing the signal level with a threshold indicative of a threat. A monitor is employed to display the threat and attributes of the detected signals. The invention further illuminates the suspicious individual(s) with a Laser illuminator/designator and provides information about the distance to the suspicious individual(s).

Abstract: Methods and Apparatus for early detection and identification of a threat, and alerting against detected threats, such as individuals wearing or carrying explosive materials and/or weapons, e.g., suicide bombers and other terrorists, at a great enough distance to limit loss of life and destruction of property are disclosed. The methods comprise transmitting a signal in the direction of a potential threat, measuring the detected reflected signal, and comparing the signal level with a threshold indicative of a threat. A monitor is employed to display the threat and attributes of the detected signals. The invention further illuminates the suspicious individual(s) with a Laser illuminator/designator and provides information about the distance to the suspicious individual(s).

Abstract: An IFF system including an interferometric ultra-high resolution synthetic aperture (SAR) radar located on an aircraft and a respective transponder located on one or more ground targets which may be, for example, ground vehicles. Each transponder is responsive to RF pulses transmitted from the radar and includes means for generating an identification code which then modulates the radar return with a coded signal indicative of the target's identity. Upon receiving the signal from the transponder, the radar processes the signals in an interferometric moving target focusing (IMTF) mode and a high resolution SAR processing mode to provide signals indicative of both moving and fixed targets with ID data superimposed thereon. Target ID extraction apparatus also having the same identification code applied thereto is included in the radar signal processor and extracts the target ID by a correlation technique which is then displayed along with the radar image of the target in question.