Abstract: A method for detecting an element in a sample using molecular emission by double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is provided. The method includes observing emissions from molecules including the element to be detected. The method is particularly useful for detecting halogens, whose elemental emissions are difficult to detect, rare earth elements and boron.

Abstract: A system for classifying moving materials in real time, the system including a laser pulse generator operative to generate at least first and second laser pulses which impinge on the same impingement location on the moving materials, the first and second laser pulses being separated in time by up to 10 microseconds; and an absorption detector operative to sense an absorption spectrum at the impingement location over a detection time duration of up to 20 nanoseconds following the second laser pulse.

Abstract: A method for detecting an element in a sample using molecular emission by double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is provided. The method includes observing emissions from molecules including the element to be detected. The method is particularly useful for detecting halogens, whose elemental emissions are difficult to detect, rare earth elements and boron.

Abstract: A system for classifying moving materials in real time, the system including a laser pulse generator operative to generate at least first and second laser pulses which impinge on the same impingement location on the moving materials, the first and second laser pulses being separated in time by up to 10 microseconds; and an absorption detector operative to sense an absorption spectrum at the impingement location over a detection time duration of up to 20 nanoseconds following the second laser pulse.

Abstract: A system and method for online, essentially instantaneous analyses of ore compositions on a moving belt use laser-induced break-down spectroscopy (LIBS), wherein intensity ratios of emission lines characteristic of specific minerals or ions are calculated on areas of the moving belt, with elevated contents of identifying ions or species being detectable. The ratios are derived from ions present in the sample that differentiate a first substance from a second substance, thus allowing sorting of the samples. The substance may include an ion, an element, or a compound.

Abstract: A method for writing in and reading out a sub-micron quality radiation image of the object under test, comprising: irradiation the object under test to produce the object patterned ionization radiation passed through the object; irradiating photostimulable material by the patterned ionization radiation having passed through the object creating pattern concentration of the electron and hole centers; photostimulation the material with stimulating light to create electron hole recombination to create photostimulation patterned luminescence; and collecting of the stimulating luminescence light to produce an electronic image signal.

Abstract: A radiation detector for use in imaging with ionizing radiation, comprising a crystal having a surface area and a thickness wherein the doping profile in a thickness direction of the crystal has the form &agr;M, where M is the dopant and &agr; varies with the thickness direction.

Abstract: A method of acquiring an ionizing radiation image including, irradiating a material with patterned ionizing radiation, exciting the irradiated material with excitation radiation to emit light in accordance with the pattern and acquiring the emitted light. The excitation radiation has a wave length which does not cause substantial electron-hole recombinations in said material. Preferably, the irradiation forms luminescent centers in the material and the excitation radiation has a wave length suited for excitation of the luminescent centers.