Abstract: A method for characterizing noise in a quantum system, the quantum system including a plurality of qubits and a plurality of entangling gates native to the quantum system, includes generating a random quantum circuit on a quantum processor, the random quantum circuit comprising the plurality of entangling gates native to the quantum system. The method includes running a simulation of the random quantum circuit on a classical computer a plurality of times to obtain ideal outcomes, and running the random quantum circuit on the quantum processor a plurality of times to obtain experimental outcomes. The method includes grouping the experimental outcomes based on probabilities of the ideal outcomes to obtain a first distribution, and grouping the experimental outcomes based on probabilities of the experimental outcomes to obtain a second distribution. The method includes characterizing noise in the quantum system based on the first distribution and the second distribution.

Abstract: A method for characterizing noise in a quantum system, the quantum system including a plurality of qubits and a plurality of entangling gates native to the quantum system, includes generating a random quantum circuit on a quantum processor, the random quantum circuit comprising the plurality of entangling gates native to the quantum system. The method includes running a simulation of the random quantum circuit on a classical computer a plurality of times to obtain ideal outcomes, and running the random quantum circuit on the quantum processor a plurality of times to obtain experimental outcomes. The method includes grouping the experimental outcomes based on probabilities of the ideal outcomes to obtain a first distribution, and grouping the experimental outcomes based on probabilities of the experimental outcomes to obtain a second distribution. The method includes characterizing noise in the quantum system based on the first distribution and the second distribution.

Abstract: A technique relates to communication of a quantum state. Polarization hardware is configured to receive a polarization encoded qubit and split the polarization encoded qubit into two qubits. A converter is coupled to the polarization hardware, and the converter is configured to convert the two qubits into a form suitable for a CNOT gate. The CNOT gate is configured to receive the two qubits such that a measurement result of a CNOT operation of the CNOT gate determines success of the communication of the quantum state.

Abstract: A technique relates to communication of a quantum state. Polarization hardware is configured to receive a polarization encoded qubit and split the polarization encoded qubit into two qubits. A converter is coupled to the polarization hardware, and the converter is configured to convert the two qubits into a form suitable for a CNOT gate. The CNOT gate is configured to receive the two qubits such that a measurement result of a CNOT operation of the CNOT gate determines success of the communication of the quantum state.

Abstract: Techniques relate to reading a qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. A microwave signal at a microwave resonator frequency is input to the microwave resonator that couples to the qubit. A microwave readout signal from the microwave resonator is output to a microwave to optical converter. The microwave readout signal includes a qubit state of the qubit. The microwave to optical converter is configured to convert the microwave readout signal to an optical signal. In response to the optical signal being output by the microwave to optical converter, it is determined that the qubit is in a predefined qubit state. In response to no optical signal being output by the microwave to optical converter, it is determined that the qubit is not in the predefined qubit state.

Abstract: A technique relates to communication of a quantum state. Polarization hardware is configured to receive a polarization encoded qubit and split the polarization encoded qubit into two qubits. A converter is coupled to the polarization hardware, and the converter is configured to convert the two qubits into a form suitable for a CNOT gate. The CNOT gate is configured to receive the two qubits such that a measurement result of a CNOT operation of the CNOT gate determines success of the communication of the quantum state.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are disclosed for composing quantum circuits and rendering graphical representations thereof within an interactive user interface. The user interface may be a quantum circuits composer interface into which a quantum circuit can be written via drag-and-drop user interactions with the interface that involve placing symbols representative of quantum operations (gates and measurements) on interactive elements (e.g., linear elements) representing qubits and/or classical bits, or more specifically, the state of qubits/classical bits over time. Quantum circuits created using the quantum circuits composer interface can be translated into a scripting language. In addition, user commands provided via a command line interface (CLI) can be translated into a corresponding quantum circuit and a graphical representation thereof can be dynamically generated. Modifications to the code commands can be dynamically reflected in the graphical representation.

Abstract: A technique relates to communication of a quantum state. Polarization hardware is configured to receive a polarization encoded qubit and split the polarization encoded qubit into two qubits. A converter is coupled to the polarization hardware, and the converter is configured to convert the two qubits into a form suitable for a CNOT gate. The CNOT gate is configured to receive the two qubits such that a measurement result of a CNOT operation of the CNOT gate determines success of the communication of the quantum state.

Abstract: Transducers and methods of making the same include a substrate having a cavity with a diameter that supports whispering gallery modes at a frequency of an input signal. A focusing structure in the cavity focuses the electric field of the input signal. A resonator directly under the focusing structure has a crystalline structure that generates an electro-optic effect when exposed to electrical fields. An electric field of the input signal modulates an output signal in the resonator via the electro-optic effect.

Abstract: Transducers and methods of making the same include a substrate having a cavity with a diameter that supports whispering gallery modes at a frequency of an input signal. A focusing structure in the cavity focuses the electric field of the input signal. A resonator directly under the focusing structure has a crystalline structure that generates an electro-optic effect when exposed to electrical fields. An electric field of the input signal modulates an output signal in the resonator via the electro-optic effect.

Abstract: Techniques relate to reading a qubit coupled to a microwave resonator. A microwave signal at a microwave resonator frequency is input to the microwave resonator that couples to the qubit. A microwave readout signal from the microwave resonator is output to a microwave to optical converter. The microwave readout signal includes a qubit state of the qubit. The microwave to optical converter is configured to convert the microwave readout signal to an optical signal. In response to the optical signal being output by the microwave to optical converter, it is determined that the qubit is in a predefined qubit state. In response to no optical signal being output by the microwave to optical converter, it is determined that the qubit is not in the predefined qubit state.

Abstract: Transducers and methods of making the same include a substrate having a cavity with a diameter that supports whispering gallery modes at a frequency of an input signal. A focusing structure in the cavity focuses the electric field of the input signal. A resonator directly under the focusing structure has a crystalline structure that generates an electro-optic effect when exposed to electrical fields. An electric field of the input signal modulates an output signal in the resonator via the electro-optic effect.

Abstract: Transducers and methods of making the same include a substrate having a cavity with a diameter that supports whispering gallery modes at a frequency of an input signal. A focusing structure in the cavity focuses the electric field of the input signal. A resonator directly under the focusing structure has a crystalline structure that generates an electro-optic effect when exposed to electrical fields. An electric field of the input signal modulates an output signal in the resonator via the electro-optic effect.

Abstract: Transducers and methods of making the same include a substrate having a cavity with a diameter that supports whispering gallery modes at a frequency of an input signal. A focusing structure in the cavity focuses the electric field of the input signal. A resonator directly under the focusing structure has a crystalline structure that generates an electro-optic effect when exposed to electrical fields. An electric field of the input signal modulates an output signal in the resonator via the electro-optic effect.

Abstract: Transducers and methods of making the same include a substrate having a cavity with a diameter that supports whispering gallery modes at a frequency of an input signal. A focusing structure in the cavity focuses the electric field of the input signal. A resonator directly under the focusing structure has a crystalline structure that generates an electro-optic effect when exposed to electrical fields. An electric field of the input signal modulates an output signal in the resonator via the electro-optic effect.