Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to apparatus and method for more efficiently and effectively refining alum process residue into commercially useable compounds. Materials that contain aluminum or aluminum oxide are provided to a vessel where a chemical rection is controlled when a product is made. Materials that include aluminum can be provided to the vessel and acid can also be provided to the vessel to initiate a chemical reaction. Masses of respective materials provided to the vessel can be controlled according to a regimen for making a product. Temperatures of the vessel can be monitored and controlled while the reaction occurs. Activated carbon may be added to the vessel to help the product performance and stability. Once the product is formed, it is output from the vessel and cooled. The product can be subsequently processed using techniques such as grinding and screening when a final product is prepared.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides dry compositions and methods for using the dry compositions to treat animal facilities. In particular, a dry composition comprises an acid, which provides an immediate source of protons, and a process residue comprising alum and a material comprising reactive aluminum, each of which provides a delayed source of protons.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides dry compositions and methods for using the dry compositions to treat animal facilities. In particular, a dry composition comprises an acid, which provides an immediate source of protons, and a process residue comprising alum and a material comprising reactive aluminum, each of which provides a delayed source of protons.