Abstract: A dielectric constant detector, having a sample cell and a reference cell, is provided which is useful to provide an electrical signal that is proportional to the concentration of a component being passed through the dielectric constant detector. The fluid to be analyzed together with a reference fluid is provided to the sample cell while only the reference fluid is provided to the reference cell. The difference in the capacitances of the two cells is utilized to determine the concentration of a component passing through the sample cell. The sample and reference cells are adjusted in such a manner that the capacitance of each cell is substantially equal when the same fluid is in both cells so as to substantially reduce the signal-to-noise ratios for the dielectric constant detector.

Abstract: A high temperature sampling system is provided for obtaining a sample to be analyzed by liquid chromatography. A sample of a liquid to be analyzed, which is at an elevated temperature, is obtained by utilizing a plurality of valves to fill a sample conduit in a hot zone. The thus obtained sample is diluted and is then provided to a chromatographic analyzer sample valve which is located in a cooler zone. In this manner, samples of liquids are obtainable at temperatures substantially above those temperatures which can be withstood by a chromatographic analyzer sample valve.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed which provide for the automatic intermittent injection of a small sample of liquid from a process liquid stream, dilution of the small quantity sample of liquid in a diluent stream, injection of a small quantity of the thus diluted liquid sample in a carrier fluid stream and analysis of the diluted liquid sample in the carrier fluid stream to determine the composition of the process liquid. Means are also disclosed for the analysis of manually prepared samples or calibration samples.

Abstract: Two conduit means having a preselected volumetric relationship one to the other are utilized in the dilution of a sample by filling one of the conduit means with a diluent liquid and the other with a sample material, then connecting the two conduit means together in a closed conduit loop and circulating the contents of the loop through the loop in order to cause uniform mixing of the sample material with the diluent liquid. In a preferred embodiment the diluted sample material is resampled from the conduit loop for further use or analysis.

Abstract: Two conduit means having a preselected volumetric relationship one to the other, at least one of these conduit means having a plurality of parallel passageways having different flow transmission time characteristics, are utilized in the dilution of a sample by filling one of the conduit means with a diluent liquid and the other with a sample material, then connecting the two conduit means together in a closed conduit loop and circulating the contents of the loop through the loop in order to cause uniform mixing of the sample material with the diluent liquid. In a preferred embodiment the diluted sample material is resampled from the conduit loop for further use or analysis.

Abstract: Chromatographic analysis of the volatile components of a liquid having both volatile and nonvolatile components is accomplished by vaporizing the volatile portion of a liquid sample in a hollow tubular vaporizing column and subsequently analyzing the thus-vaporized portion of the sample. The nonvolatile components of the sample are retained in the vaporizing column during vaporizaton and then are removed by backflushing the vaporizing column with a preselected volume of a liquid solvent.

Abstract: A system and method wherein a sample fluid in a reference carrier fluid stream is passed through a sample cell to a point of dilution and then through a reference cell, and a detector means indicates a characteristic of the sample fluid by simultaneously comparing at least one identical characteristic of the fluid in the sample cell and the fluid in the reference cell.

Abstract: HF and water are separated in a high pressure liquid chromatographic column using a mixture of a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid such as formic acid and a saturated aliphatic alcohol such as methanol as the carrier. This is of particular utility in continuous control of an HF alkylation unit.