Abstract: A histotripsy therapy system configured for the treatment of tissue is provided, which may include any number of features. Provided herein are systems and methods that provide efficacious non-invasive and minimally invasive therapeutic, diagnostic and research procedures. In particular, provided herein are optimized systems and methods that provide targeted, efficacious histotripsy in a variety of different regions and under a variety of different conditions without causing undesired tissue damage to intervening/non-target tissues or structures.

Abstract: A solidification or crystallization method is disclosed, which includes providing at least a first organic compound and at least one volatile co-former organic compound. A mixture of at least the first organic compound and the co-former organic compound is formed, wherein either the first organic compound or the volatile co-former organic compound includes a hydrogen acceptor moiety and the other includes a hydrogen donor moiety, thereby allowing the formation of hydrogen bonds between the first organic compound and the volatile co-former organic compound. The mixture is allowed to stand for sufficient time for the mixture to liquify at a temperature below that of the melting points of the components, thereby forming a liquid mixture. The volatile co-former organic compound is allowed to evaporate, thereby resulting in crystallization of at least the first organic compound. The method can be a co-crystallization method if there are two organic compounds.

Abstract: A process to analyze fluid entrained in well boreholes. The process includes gathering trap gas samples from return of drilling mud at multiple depths. The process also includes the steps of subjecting the samples to mass spectrometry in order to determine mass to charge ratios data of hydrocarbons and analyzing the mass to charge ratios data in relation to depth or time. Samples from at least one other source may also be gathered and analyzed chosen from the group consisting of mud fluid analysis, cuttings backgrounds analysis and cuttings crush analysis.

Abstract: A process to analyze fluid entrained in well boreholes. The process includes gathering trap gas samples from return of drilling mud at multiple depths. The process also includes the steps of subjecting the samples to mass spectrometry in order to determine mass to charge ratios data of hydrocarbons and analyzing the mass to charge ratios data in relation to depth or time. Samples from at least one other source may also be gathered and analyzed chosen from the group consisting of mud fluid analysis, cuttings backgrounds analysis and cuttings crush analysis.

Abstract: A low-loss comb-generating optical cavity including an optical amplifier and a microwave-driven electro-optic modulator crystal, produces a comb of optical frequency sidebands having spectral lines equally spaced around the frequency of an input laser beam incident on the comb-generating cavity. The comb-generating cavity includes an input mirror movable along the beam propagation direction, and a fixed position output mirror located at time synchronous distances of both the input laser wavelength and modulation wavelength. The comb-generating cavity and its microwave driven modulator are in resonance with the input laser beam, and provide iterative or recirculating beam action that transfers the input optical frequency of the laser, sideband by sideband, to remote and precisely known comb frequencies offset from, and centered on, the input laser frequency.

Abstract: An improved ramjet fuel consisting of hydrogenated hydrocarbons uses a mium weight percentage of 50% tetrahydromethylcyclopentadiene dimer (TH-dimer) with about 50% by wt. exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (Exo-THDC). The mixture exceeds U.S. Navy flash point requirements of 60.degree. C. while yielding a lower viscosity than TH-dimer alone. Volumetric heating properties of the mixture make it an excellent ramjet fuel.