Abstract: Chromophores with large hyperpolarizabilities, films with electro-optic activity comprising the chromophores, and electro-optic devices comprising the chromophores are disclosed.

Abstract: Chromophores with large hyperpolarizabilities, films with electro-optic activity comprising the chromophores, and electro-optic devices comprising the chromophores are disclosed.

Abstract: Chromophores with large hyperpolarizabilities, films with electro-optic activity comprising the chromophores, and electro-optic devices comprising the chromophores are disclosed.

Abstract: Chromophores with large hyperpolarizabilities, films with electro-optic activity comprising the chromophores, and electro-optic devices comprising the chromophores are disclosed.

Abstract: Chromophores with large hyperpolarizabilities, films with electro-optic activity comprising the chromophores, and electro-optic devices comprising the chromophores are disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to generating images with an enhanced range of brightness levels, and more particularly, to facilitating high dynamic range imaging by adjusting pixel data and/or using predicted values of luminance, for example, at different resolutions. In at least one embodiment, a method generates an image with an enhanced range of brightness levels. The method can include accessing a model of backlight that includes data representing values of luminance for a number of first samples. The method also can include inverting the values of luminance, as well as upsampling inverted values of luminance to determine upsampled values of luminance. Further, the method can include scaling pixel data for a number of second samples by the upsampled values of luminance to control a modulator to generate an image.

Abstract: An emulator yields modified image data that predicts the appearance of image content on a target display. The emulator generates modified image data based in part on the image content. The emulator may perform a transformation in which one or more parameters representative of features such as black level and/or white level of the target display are functions of image statistics for the image content.

Abstract: Displays such as televisions, computer monitors, and the like may boost (124) the dynamic range of input image data (121). Dithering (128) may be provided to mitigate artefacts made visible as a result of the boosting. Color correction (124) may be implemented. The color correction may compensate for differences between a color of a backlight and a desired white point.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for backlighting a dual modulation display device. Each type of light source comprises a multi-primary light source having two or more primary color light emitters having different primary color characteristics from corresponding primary color emitters of other types of light source. Methods may comprise receiving illumination target values for a plurality of locations on the front modulator corresponding to the plurality of light sources, each of the locations on the front modulator configured to be illuminated by two or more of the plurality of light sources, determining primary color drive values source based on the primary color characteristics for that primary color and the illumination target value for the location corresponding to that light source, and driving the primary color light emitters or each type of light source based on the primary color drive values.

Abstract: Image data is encoded for distribution in a lower bit-depth format. The image data has a range that is less than a maximum range and is mapped to the lower bit depth format using a mapping such that a ratio of a range of the lower bit depth representation to a maximum range of the lower bit depth representation is greater than a ratio of the range of the image data to a maximum range of the image data. Metadata characterizing the mapping is associated with lower bit depth representation. The metadata may be used downstream to reverse the mapping so that tonal detail is better reproduced.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods are provided for generating, delivering, processing and displaying video data to preserve the video creator's creative intent. Metadata which may be used to guide the processing and display of the video data is dynamically generated and embedded in the video data throughout a video delivery pipeline. The metadata may be written in chrominance data for black video frames, black mattes or bars framing an image, and/or in the other image areas for which luminance values are zero or below a threshold value.

Abstract: Methods for transmitting additional information together with image data involve replacing pixel values to take in-gamut points to out-of-gamut points. The additional information may constitute metadata describing the image data and/or useful for controlling display and/or processing of the image data; watermark information; or other information. In some embodiments the image data is restored to its original form after extraction of the additional information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to computer-based image processing, and more particularly, to systems, computer-readable mediums, methods, and apparatuses to operate a rear modulator in a high dynamic range display to, among other things, characterize input images into pixel characteristics which may be data-reduced representations of a group of pixels corresponding to the input image, and to relate a modulation value intensity image to a weighted combination of the pixel characteristics. The modulation value intensity image may be used to derive a rear modulator drive signal, which, turn, may be configured to control one or more modulating elements to generate a low resolution image of the input image at the rear modulator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to generating images with an enhanced range of brightness levels, and more particularly, to facilitating high dynamic range imaging by adjusting pixel data and/or using predicted values of luminance, for example, at different resolutions. In at least one embodiment, a method generates an image with an enhanced range of brightness levels. The method can include accessing a model of backlight that includes data representing values of luminance for a number of first samples. The method also can include inverting the values of luminance, as well as upsampling inverted values of luminance to determine upsampled values of luminance. Further, the method can include scaling pixel data for a number of second samples by the upsampled values of luminance to control a modulator to generate an image.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to generating images with an enhanced range of brightness levels, and more particularly, to facilitating high dynamic range imaging by adjusting pixel data and/or using predicted values of luminance, for example, at different resolutions. In at least one embodiment, a method generates an image with an enhanced range of brightness levels. The method can include accessing a model of backlight that includes data representing values of luminance for a number of first samples. The method also can include inverting the values of luminance, as well as upsampling inverted values of luminance to determine upsampled values of luminance. Further, the method can include scaling pixel data for a number of second samples by the upsampled values of luminance to control a modulator to generate an image.

Abstract: An emulator yields modified image data that predicts the appearance of image content on a target display. The emulator generates modified image data based in part on the image content. The emulator may perform a transformation in which one or more parameters representative of features such as black level and/or white level of the target display are functions of image statistics for the image content.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for backlighting a dual modulation display device. Each type of light source comprises a multi-primary light source having two or more primary color light emitters having different primary color characteristics from corresponding primary color emitters of other types of light source. Methods may comprise receiving illumination target values for a plurality of locations on the front modulator corresponding to the plurality of light sources, each of the locations on the front modulator configured to be illuminated by two or more of the plurality of light sources, determining primary color drive values source based on the primary color characteristics for that primary color and the illumination target value for the location corresponding to that light source, and driving the primary color light emitters or each type of light source based on the primary color drive values.

Abstract: Handling is expedited for electronic financial service messages, particularly those destined for an exchange 60 or other trading venue. Messages are parsed into two informational components, with the first component requiring computations that must happen extremely fast and the second component requiring state updates, for example, that can happen on a longer timeframe. Real-time balancing of optimizing throughput versus optimizing latency is achieved for financial message handling. The system allows for the automatic switching between the two methods of optimization based on either user controlled or independently controlled message rate thresholds.

Abstract: Systems and methods of image processing are provided for a display having a light source modulation layer and a display modulation layer. A section of a perceptual curve, such as a DICOM curve, is extracted for each frame of image data, based on a profile of expected luminance on the display modulation layer from light emitted by the light source modulation layer. The section of the perceptual curve may be used to determine a desired-total response curve which maps display modulation layer input control values to corresponding output luminance values. The desired-total response curve and a display modulator-specific response curve may be applied to image data to generate control values for driving the display modulation layer.

Abstract: Image data is encoded for distribution in a lower bit-depth format. The image data has a range that is less than a maximum range and is mapped to the lower bit depth format using a mapping such that a ratio of a range of the lower bit depth representation to a maximum range of the lower bit depth representation is greater than a ratio of the range of the image data is associated with lower bit depth representation. The metadata may be used downstream to reverse the mapping so that tonal detail is better reproduced.