Abstract: A distance acquisition device is for acquiring a first rounded distance from a reference point to a basis point, and for subsequently acquiring a second rounded distance from an adjacent point to the basis point. The reference, adjacent, and basis points are disposed on a plane. The adjacent point is adjacent to the reference point. The distance acquisition device includes: a reference distance acquisition unit for acquiring a precise distance from the reference point to the basis point, and for subsequently performing rounding upon the precise distance so as to obtain the first rounded distance; a reference error acquisition unit for obtaining a first reference error corresponding to a difference between the precise distance and the first rounded distance; and a distance estimating unit for setting the second rounded distance based on the first rounded distance and the first reference error.

Abstract: A saturation adjusting apparatus for processing a pixel, which has three color components each having a value falling within a range defined by upper and lower extreme values, of a RGB color model includes an extreme value controller and a component adjuster. The extreme value controller determines maximum and minimum extreme value thresholds for ensuring that the values of the color components of the pixel after undergoing linear color correction processing based on a correction indicator fall within the range defined by the upper and lower extreme values. The component adjuster includes a decision-making unit for choosing the correction indicator from a group of values which includes the maximum extreme value threshold, the minimum extreme value threshold, and a saturation setting. The component adjuster further includes a color corrector for performing linear color correction processing on the three color components of the pixel using the correction indicator.

Abstract: An edge detection apparatus includes a computing circuit and a determining circuit. The computing circuit includes a first multiplier block and a first adder unit. The first multiplier block includes n×m first multiplier units, wherein each first multiplier unit has a first multiplication factor. The n×m first multiplier units respectively perform multiplications on n×m pixels which are arranged as an n×m matrix to generate n×m first product values based on the corresponding first multiplication factors. The n×m pixels include a target pixel, where n is not equal to m. The first adder unit generates a first computation result according to the n×m first product values. The determining circuit determines if the target pixel is an edge pixel according to at least the first computation result.

Abstract: A saturation adjusting apparatus for processing a pixel, which has three color components each having a value falling within a range defined by upper and lower extreme values, of a RGB color model includes an extreme value controller and a component adjuster. The extreme value controller determines maximum and minimum extreme value thresholds for ensuring that the values of the color components of the pixel after undergoing linear color correction processing based on a correction indicator fall within the range defined by the upper and lower extreme values. The component adjuster includes a decision-making unit for choosing the correction indicator from a group of values which includes the maximum extreme value threshold, the minimum extreme value threshold, and a saturation setting. The component adjuster further includes a color corrector for performing linear color correction processing on the three color components of the pixel using the correction indicator.

Abstract: A distance acquisition device is for acquiring a first rounded distance from a reference point to a basis point, and for subsequently acquiring a second rounded distance from an adjacent point to the basis point. The reference, adjacent, and basis points are disposed on a plane. The adjacent point is adjacent to the reference point. The distance acquisition device includes: a reference distance acquisition unit for acquiring a precise distance from the reference point to the basis point, and for subsequently performing rounding upon the precise distance so as to obtain the first rounded distance; a reference error acquisition unit for obtaining a first reference error corresponding to a difference between the precise distance and the first rounded distance; and a distance estimating unit for setting the second rounded distance based on the first rounded distance and the first reference error.

Abstract: A control chip of a card reader providing at least one card detection pin for detecting memory cards connected to corresponding read/write interfaces. The card detection pin is for the prevention of mutual interference caused by the memory cards connected with shared pins of the control chip. The card detection pin of the memory card may be used for the detection of another memory card being inserted into or pulled out from a read/write interface when the control chip of the card reader is accessing a memory card. An interference-acknowledgement signal is generated for the prevention or correction of accessing errors.

Abstract: An edge detection apparatus includes a computing circuit and a determining circuit. The computing circuit includes a first multiplier block and a first adder unit. The first multiplier block includes n×m first multiplier units, wherein each first multiplier unit has a first multiplication factor. The n×m first multiplier units respectively perform multiplications on n×m pixels which are arranged as an n×m matrix to generate n×m first product values based on the corresponding first multiplication factors. The n×m pixels include a target pixel, where n is not equal to m. The first adder unit generates a first computation result according to the n×m first product values. The determining circuit determines if the target pixel is an edge pixel according to at least the first computation result.

Abstract: A control chip of a card reader providing at least one card detection pin for detecting memory cards connected to corresponding read/write interfaces. The card detection pin is for the prevention of mutual interference caused by the memory cards connected with shared pins of the control chip. The card detection pin of the memory card may be used for the detection of another memory card being inserted into or pulled out from a read/write interface when the control chip of the card reader is accessing a memory card. An interference-acknowledgement signal is generated for the prevention or correction of accessing errors.