Abstract: Provided is a material composition and method for inhibiting the printing of SRAFs onto a substrate including coating a substrate with a resist layer. After coating the substrate, the resist layer is patterned to form a main feature pattern and at least one sub-resolution assist feature (SRAF) pattern within the resist layer. The main feature pattern may include resist sidewalls and a portion of a layer underlying the patterned resist layer. In various examples, a material composition is deposited over the patterned resist layer and into each of the main feature pattern and the at least one SRAF pattern. Thereafter, a material composition development process is performed to dissolve a portion of the material composition within the main feature pattern and to expose the portion of the layer underlying the patterned resist layer.

Abstract: A DC to AC inverter has a DC power input port, a buck converter, a buck/boost converter, an output filter and an AC output port. The DC power input port has a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal, both connected to a DC source. The AC output port is connected to a single-phase utility system. When the single-phase utility system is in positive half cycle, the buck converter generates a positive half-cycle signal of sinusoidal current. When the single-phase utility system is in negative half cycle, the buck/boost converter generates a negative half-cycle signal of sinusoidal current. In either the positive or negative half cycles, only one power electronic switch is switched in high frequency to reduce switching loss. Further, the negative input terminal of the DC power input port of the invention can be connected to a neutral line of the single-phase utility system.

Abstract: A ripple voltage suppression apparatus includes a DC/DC converter and a control circuit. The DC/DC converter has a power electronic switch. The control circuit has a voltage detector detecting a DC output voltage of the DC/DC converter, a ripple voltage suppression circuit receiving the detected DC output voltage to generate an AC control signal for controlling an AC component of a duty ratio of the power electronic switch, an output voltage regulation circuit receiving the detected DC output voltage to generate a DC control signal for controlling an DC component of a duty ratio, an adder adding the AC and DC control signals to form a combined control signal, and a PWM circuit converting the combined control signal into a PWM signal to control the power electronic switch. Only the DC output voltage of the DC/DC converter has to be detected for the control circuit.

Abstract: A DC to AC inverter has a DC power input port, a buck converter, a buck/boost converter, an output filter and an AC output port. The DC power input port has a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal, both connected to a DC source. The AC output port is connected to a single-phase utility system. When the single-phase utility system is in positive half cycle, the buck converter generates a positive half-cycle signal of sinusoidal current. When the single-phase utility system is in negative half cycle, the buck/boost converter generates a negative half-cycle signal of sinusoidal current. In either the positive or negative half cycles, only one power electronic switch is switched in high frequency to reduce switching loss. Further, the negative input terminal of the DC power input port of the invention can be connected to a neutral line of the single-phase utility system.

Abstract: A ripple voltage suppression apparatus includes a DC/DC converter and a control circuit. The DC/DC converter has a power electronic switch. The control circuit has a voltage detector detecting a DC output voltage of the DC/DC converter, a ripple voltage suppression circuit receiving the detected DC output voltage to generate an AC control signal for controlling an AC component of a duty ratio of the power electronic switch, an output voltage regulation circuit receiving the detected DC output voltage to generate a DC control signal for controlling an DC component of a duty ratio, an adder adding the AC and DC control signals to form a combined control signal, and a PWM circuit converting the combined control signal into a PWM signal to control the power electronic switch. Only the DC output voltage of the DC/DC converter has to be detected for the control circuit.

Abstract: A maximum power point tracking method, applied to a tracking device, employs a DC/DC converter connecting with a solar cell array, and including a controller actuating the DC/DC converter to perform an active resistance characteristic; a maximum power point tracking circuit adjusting the active resistance of the DC/DC converter; monitoring a change of an output power of the solar cell array in determining a direction for adjusting the active resistance of the DC/DC converter; and the maximum power point tracking circuit repeatedly adjusting the active resistance of the DC/DC converter. If the change of the output power of the solar cell array is positive, the active resistance of the DC/DC converter is adjusted in the same direction; but, conversely, if the change of the output power of the solar cell array is negative, the active resistance of the DC/DC converter is adjusted in an opposite direction.

Abstract: A maximum power point tracking method, applied to a tracking device, employs a DC/DC converter connecting with a solar cell array, and including a controller actuating the DC/DC converter to perform an active resistance characteristic; a maximum power point tracking circuit adjusting the active resistance of the DC/DC converter; monitoring a change of an output power of the solar cell array in determining a direction for adjusting the active resistance of the DC/DC converter; and the maximum power point tracking circuit repeatedly adjusting the active resistance of the DC/DC converter. If the change of the output power of the solar cell array is positive, the active resistance of the DC/DC converter is adjusted in the same direction; but, conversely, if the change of the output power of the solar cell array is negative, the active resistance of the DC/DC converter is adjusted in an opposite direction.