Abstract: This application provides example communication methods and apparatuses. One example communication apparatus receives a container from each of a plurality of candidate access network devices, and sends the container of each of the plurality of candidate access network devices to a terminal. Subsequently, after determining that the terminal needs to switch to a second access network device in the plurality of candidate access network devices, the communication apparatus sends, to the terminal via a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer message, information for triggering the terminal to switch to the second access network device and information indicating a first Next hop Chaining Counter (NCC).

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a security policy processing method, to implement a best-effort on-demand user plane security activation mechanism in a network in which there is a core network element that does not support on-demand user plane security protection. The security policy processing method in embodiments of this application includes: A target 1 receives a message #50-2 from a core network device #30-1, where the message #50-2 includes container information from a source access network device. The target access network device determines a user plane security activation status between the target access network device and a terminal device based on the message #50-2, where the user plane security activation status indicates whether user plane ciphering protection is activated and/or whether user plane integrity protection is activated.

Abstract: A culture medium and culture method for inducing olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells into olfactory ensheathing cells are provided, belonging to the technical field of cell induction and culture. The culture medium provided in the present disclosure is mainly composed of cellular trophic factors, and does not contain animal proteins. The present disclosure further provides a method for inducing olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells into olfactory ensheathing cells using the culture medium.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a flexible printed circuit and an electronic device. The flexible printed circuit includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a first bonding adhesive. The first bonding adhesive is bonded between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a first flexible board, and the first flexible board includes a first support layer and a first circuit layer. The second substrate includes a second flexible board and a second cover layer. The first circuit layer includes a plurality of first wires, and a first gap is provided between each two adjacent first wires. The second flexible board and the second cover layer are laminated. The first bonding adhesive is bonded between the first support layer and the second flexible board, and the first bonding adhesive fills the first gap and covers the first wires.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A session management network element obtains first indication information in a session establishment process of a session in a first network for a terminal device, where the first indication information indicates that user plane integrity protection in a second network is supported. The session management network element sends a first request message to an access and mobility management function network element in the first network based on the first indication information, where the first request message is used to request to assign a bearer identifier of the second network for the session. The session management network element receives a first response message from the access and mobility management function network element, where the first response message includes the bearer identifier.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: a terminal sending first network information of a second network to a first network, where the first network information includes first indication information of the second network, and the first indication information indicating that the terminal requests to access the second network. The terminal performs onboarding delivery authentication of the second network through the first network. After onboarding delivery authentication of the second network succeeds, the terminal receives configuration information of the first network through the first network, and obtains a credential of the second network through the first network from an online sign-up server in the second network.

Abstract: A method and a system for assessing a safety risk level of a feed in cattle and sheep breeding are provided. The method includes: identifying accurately potential chronic toxic substances in the feed for cattle and sheep through sample testing and data analysis; constructing, according to the potential chronic toxic substances, a biological enrichment abnormal index and a metabolic pathway deviation index, an accumulation effect model of the chronic toxic substances in cattle and sheep bodies; assessing by the system health risks of the chronic toxic substances according to the accumulation effect model, and classifying the safety risk level of the feed as one of a high-risk level, a medium-risk level, and a low-risk level; and formulating corresponding management measures. When the safety risk level of the feed is medium, the system further dynamically adjusts the safety risk level to respond in real time to potential high-risk scenarios.

Abstract: A method for protecting a truncated parameter includes that a mobility management network element determines whether a terminal that accesses a network meets a preset condition, where the preset condition includes that the terminal uses a control plane cellular Internet of things (CIoT) 5th generation system (5GS) optimization function. The mobility management network element sends, to the terminal when the terminal meets the preset condition, a downlink non-access stratum (NAS) message on which NAS security protection is performed using a NAS security context, where the downlink NAS message includes a truncated parameter.

Abstract: A stretchable display panel is disclosed, which includes a first flexible support layer, a plurality of pixel islands and a plurality of connecting bridges disposed on the first flexible support layer, and a plurality of hollow areas, wherein each of the hollow areas is provided with a first opening, and the first opening is filled with a stretchable material. Embodiments of the present application can reduce Young's modulus of the entire stretchable display panel, increase stretchability of the stretchable display panel, and can suppress the stretchable display panel from being twisted and deformed when stretched.

Abstract: A key derivation method, an apparatus, and a system. The method includes: user equipment (UE) receives an authentication success message from a mobility management function network element, generates a master session key (MSK) and an extended master session key (EMSK) based on the authentication success message; and determines whether an authentication device is located outside a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) network, to determine whether to obtain Kausf based on the EMSK or the MSK. Therefore, the UE can be compatible with a key derivation manner used when the authentication device is located outside the 3GPP network and a key derivation manner used when the authentication device is located inside the 3GPP network.

Abstract: A method for obtaining an identifier of a terminal device includes a key management network element receiving, from a first terminal device, a first key request including a first identifier, where the first identifier is an anonymous identifier or a temporary identifier of a second terminal device. The key management network element sends, to a unified data management network element, a first request including the first identifier. The unified data management network element determines a SUPI of the second terminal device based on the first identifier, and sends, to the key management network element, a first response including the SUPI. In response to an authorization check performed on the second terminal device based on the SUPI succeeds, the key management network element sends a first key response to the first terminal device, where the first key response includes a secure communication parameter.

Abstract: An authentication method and an apparatus are provided. The method includes: obtaining an identifier of a serving network and an identifier of a terminal device, and generating a serving network name, where the serving network is a network accessed by a terminal device in a non-3GPP access mode, the serving network provides a service of an NSWO, and the serving network name includes information about the NSWO and the identifier of the serving network; and sending a first request message to an authentication service functional entity, where the first request message is used to request to authenticate the terminal device, and the first request message includes the serving network name and the identifier of the terminal device.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus related to access of a network through trusted non-3GPP. An example method includes: when a user equipment (UE) registers with a core network through a trusted non-3GPP access network, the UE generates identification information that is capable of uniquely representing the UE, and sends the identification information to a trusted non-3GPP gateway function (TNGF); and the TNGF associates the identification information with a corresponding TNGF key. After subsequently receiving the identification information sent by the UE, the TNGF can determine, based on the identification information, the TNGF key corresponding to the UE, to establish a secure connection with the UE by using the TNGF key corresponding to the UE.

Abstract: This application provides a rotating shaft mechanism and an electronic device. In a rotating shaft mechanism, at least one of a main shaft and a connecting plate assembly is provided with a support member. The support member is configured to include a support main body and a protection portion, the protection portion is disposed on a surface of a side of the support main body that faces the flexible circuit board, the protection portion covers at least the contact part of the support member, and a surface of a side of the protection portion that faces the flexible circuit board is an insulation wear-resistant surface. In this way, the flexible circuit board is in contact with the insulation wear-resistant surface of the protection portion, so that a surface of the flexible circuit board can be prevented from being worn and occurring a short circuit.

Abstract: A user plane security enforcement information determining method and an apparatus are provided, to ensure a security requirement of transmitted data of a remote device. In this application, a session management network element may receive a first request for creating a relay-type session of a first terminal device. Then, the session management network element determines first user plane security enforcement information of the session based on first information, and sends the first user plane security enforcement information of the session to an access network device, where the first user plane security enforcement information of the session is for determining a first user plane security activation status of the session between the first terminal device and the access network device.

Abstract: This application provides security activation methods, communication apparatuses and computer-readable storage media. In an example method, a first access network device using a first communication standard requests a second access network device using a second communication standard to allocate a resource for dual connectivity of a terminal device, and sends, to the second access network device in response to determining that the terminal device supports user plane security protection, a user plane security policy and first indication information indicating that the terminal device supports user plane security protection.

Abstract: A communication method, system, and apparatus are provided, to improve security of inter-PLMN information sharing. In this application, the communication method includes: A second NWDAF in a second PLMN sends a first request message to a first NWDAF in a first PLMN. Correspondingly, the first NWDAF receives the first request message from the second NWDAF, where the first request message includes a token and an indication of first information requested by the second NWDAF, the token includes indications of a plurality of pieces of information, and the plurality of pieces of information are allowed to be accessed by the second PLMN (or the second NWDAF). When the indications of the plurality of pieces of information that are included in the token include the indication of the first information, the first NWDAF sends the first information to the second NWDAF.

Abstract: A link re-establishment method, an apparatus, and a system are described. The method includes: obtaining, by user equipment UE, a MAC of the UE based on a NAS integrity key and a first MAC generation parameter, where the first MAC generation parameter includes an identifier of the UE; sending, by the UE, a re-establishment request message to a target RAN, where the re-establishment request message includes the MAC and the first MAC generation parameter; and receiving, by the UE, a re-establishment response message of the target RAN. The UE triggers, by sending the re-establishment request message, a CP functional entity to perform authentication on the UE. The method and apparatus of the present disclosure address a problem that an excessively long time is consumed to re-establish a connection to a target RAN by using an RAU procedure, increases a speed of re-establishing a connection between UE and a network, and improves user experience.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: a terminal sending first network information of a second network to a first network, where the first network information includes first indication information of the second network, and the first indication information indicating that the terminal requests to access the second network. The terminal performs onboarding delivery authentication of the second network through the first network. After onboarding delivery authentication of the second network succeeds, the terminal receives configuration information of the first network through the first network, and obtains a credential of the second network through the first network from an online sign-up server in the second network.

Abstract: A method for protecting a truncated parameter includes that a mobility management network element determines whether a terminal that accesses a network meets a preset condition, where the preset condition includes that the terminal uses a control plane cellular Internet of things (CIoT) 5th generation system (5GS) optimization function. The mobility management network element sends, to the terminal when the terminal meets the preset condition, a downlink non-access stratum (NAS) message on which NAS security protection is performed using a NAS security context, where the downlink NAS message includes a truncated parameter.