Abstract: A holder apparatus, which is placed on a stage of an observation apparatus including the stage, an observation optical system which is arranged below the stage and on which light from a biological sample is incident, and a control unit, includes: a holder body which holds a culture vessel in which the biological sample is arranged; and an illumination optical system which is provided in the holder body and illuminates the biological sample, and the illumination optical system is arranged in at least one of a side surface portion or an upper portion of the holder body when a direction in which the biological sample is observed is set as a vertical direction.

Abstract: A phosphide composite material including at least primary particles is disclosed. The primary particles include a transition metal phosphide and a coating layer covering the transition metal phosphide. The capacity of the phosphide composite material is higher than carbon, and the structural thereof is better than the transition metal phosphide. Thus, the phosphide composite material is suitable for serving as anode material of lithium ion cell.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for living free radical polymerization. The catalyst composition includes a transition metal complex MXp and a ligand, wherein M is a transition metal; X is halogen, —NO2, —NCS, —NCO, —SCN, —CN, —N3, —SO4, carboxylate group, or —PF6; p is the valence of the transition metal, the ligand is represented by formula (I): wherein R1 can be the same or different and is C1-20 alkyl, C6-20 aryl, C7-20 alkylaryl, C7-20 arylalkyl, or heterocyclic groups; R2 can be the same or different and is H, C1-20 alkyl, C6-20 aryl, C7-20 alkylaryl, C7-20 arylalkyl, heterocyclic groups, alkyl sulfide groups, nitrile groups, alkylsilyl, or ester groups; n is an integer of 0 to 6; and A is deleted or an S or O atom, wherein the molar ratio of the transition metal complex MXp and the ligand is 1 to 4.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for living free radical polymerization.