Abstract: A method for analyzing a transaction in a payment processing system includes receiving a transaction, classifying the transaction, analyzing the transaction, selecting a treatment to be applied to the transaction, applying the selected treatment to the transaction, and outputting the transaction after the selected treatment was applied to the transaction. Classifying the transaction includes computing a probability score vector for the transaction that indicates a probability for each of one or more possible outcomes of the transaction. Analyzing the transaction includes computing one or more probability mass vectors for the transaction that indicate impact values and associated probabilities of one or more possible treatments to be applied to the transaction. Selecting the treatment to be applied includes applying a set of decision rules to the probability score vector and the one or more probability mass vectors.

Abstract: A drill bit comprising: a shaft 103 which has a pyramidal shaped end 105 defining a drill tip with a plurality of edges defining the pyramidal shape; and one or more recesses 107 for directing away debris produced whilst drilling, the or each recess 107 having a first portion 109 extending along the shaft 103 and a second portion 111 which extends along the drill tip, wherein the second portion 111 of the or each recess 107 extends along an edge 113 of the drill tip.