Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for dispensing a liquid or for manipulating a droplet. In some examples, a method is provided for droplet operation. The method may comprise providing a substrate comprising a discrete location. The method may further comprise providing one or more electrodes disposed adjacent to the discrete location of the substrate and providing a droplet dispenser disposed over the substrate. Next, an electrode of the one or more electrodes may be activated or deactivated. Such activating or deactivating may be synchronized with dispensing the droplet to the discrete location or removal of at least the portion of the droplet from the discrete location.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods of for conducting various biological assays on arrays utilizing electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). The systems and methods may process the biological sample, or plurality thereof, using at least one droplet. The droplet, or plurality thereof, may be manipulated using the systems and methods described herein. Further described herein are improvements to arrays for facilitating the execution of biological assays on the arrays.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for processing at least one biological sample. The systems and methods may process the biological sample, or plurality thereof, using at least one droplet. The droplet, or plurality thereof, may be manipulated using the systems and methods described herein.