Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator circuit connected to supply and reference voltage for radio frequency operation is disclosed. The circuit comprises at least one inductor and at least one varactor connected in parallel with the at least one inductor. The circuit also comprises a pair of p-channel MOS transistors connected across the at least one varactor, each p-channel MOS transistor having source, drain, and gate terminals, wherein the drain terminal of the first of the pair of p-channel MOS transistors is connected to the gate terminal of the second of the pair of p-channel MOS transistors and the drain terminal of second of the pair of MOS transistors being connected to the gate terminal of the first of the pair of MOS transistors.

Abstract: A voltage-controlled oscillator circuit connected to supply and reference voltage for radio frequency operation is disclosed. The circuit comprises at least one inductor and at least one varactor connected in parallel with the at least one inductor. The circuit also comprises a pair of p-channel MOS transistors connected across the at least one varactor, each p-channel MOS transistor having source, drain, and gate terminals, wherein the drain terminal of the first of the pair of p-channel MOS transistors is connected to the gate terminal of the second of the pair of p-channel MOS transistors and the drain terminal of second of the pair of MOS transistors being connected to the gate terminal of the first of the pair of MOS transistors.

Abstract: Di-N-substituted piperazine or 1,4 di-substituted piperadine compounds in accordance with formula I (including all isomers, salts, esters, and solvates) wherein R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R21, R27, R28, X, Y, and Z are as defined herein are muscarinic antagonists useful for treating cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of preparation are also disclosed. Also disclosed are synergistic combinations of compounds of the above formula or other compounds capable of enhancing acetylcholine release with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Abstract: Di-N-substituted piperazine or 1,4 di-substituted piperadine compounds in accordance with formula I (including all isomers, salts, esters, and solvates) 1

Abstract: Di-N-substituted piperazine or 1,4 di-substituted piperadine compounds in accordance with formula I (including all isomers, salts, esters, and solvates) wherein R, R1, R2, R3, R4, R21, R27, R28, X, Y, and Z are as defined herein are muscarinic antagonists useful for treating cognitive disorders such as Alheimer's disease. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of preparation are also disclosed. Also disclosed are synergistic combinations of compounds of the above formula or other compounds capable of enhancing acetylcholine release with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Abstract: Di-N-substituted piperazine or 1,4 di-substituted piperadine compounds in accordance with formula I (including all isomers, salts, esters, and solvates) ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.21, R.sup.27, R.sup.28, X, Y, and Z are as defined herein are muscarinic antagonists useful for treating cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of preparation are also disclosed. Also disclosed are synergistic combinations of compounds of the above formula with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Abstract: Di-N-substituted piperazine or 1,4 di-substituted piperadine compounds in accordance with formula I (including all isomers, salts, esters, and solvates) ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.21, R.sup.27, R.sup.28, X, Y, and Z are as defined herein are muscarinic antagonists useful for treating cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of preparation are also disclosed. Also disclosed are synergistic combinations of compounds of the above formula or other compounds capable of enhancing acetylcholine release with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Abstract: Di-N-substituted piperazine or 1,4 di-substituted piperadine compounds in accordance with formula I (including all isomers, salts, esters, and solvates) ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.21, R.sup.27, R.sup.28, X, Y, and Z are as defined herein are muscarinic antagonists useful for treating cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of preparation are also disclosed. Also disclosed are synergistic combinations of compounds of the above formula with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Abstract: Di-N-substituted piperazine or 1,4 di-substituted piperadine compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein one of Y and Z is N and the other is N, CH, or C-alkyl;X is --O--, --SO.sub.0-2 --, amino, substituted amino, --CO--, --CH.sub.2 --, mono or di-substituted methylene, --CS--, --CONR.sup.20 --, --NR.sup.20 --SO.sub.2 --, --NR.sup.20 CO--, --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.20 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C-- or --NHC(O)NH--;R is optionally substituted phenyl, aryl or cycloalkyl, or other substituents as defined in the specification;R.sup.1 and R.sup.21 are H, CN or optionally substituted alkyl, or other substituents as defined in the specification;R.sup.2 is optionally substituted cycloalkyl or piperidyl, or other substituents as defined in the specification; andR.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.20, R.sup.27 and R.sup.