Abstract: A method of generating an IC layout diagram includes receiving an IC layout diagram including a gate region and a gate via, the gate via being positioned at a location within an active region and along a width of the gate region extending across the active region, receiving a first gate resistance value of the gate region, retrieving a second gate resistance value from a resistance value reference based on the location and the width, using the first and second resistance values to determine that the IC layout diagram does not comply with a design specification, and based on the non-compliance with the design specification, modifying the IC layout diagram.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate, a first lightly-doped region, a second lightly-doped region, a second heavily-doped region, a first electrode and a second electrode. The first lightly-doped region having a first doping type is disposed in a first surface of the substrate. The second lightly-doped region and the second heavily-doped region having a second doping type different from the first doping type are disposed in a second surface of the substrate. The first electrode is disposed on the first surface of the substrate, and the second electrode is disposed on the second surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a solar cell, which includes a first electrode, a buried electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a second electrode. The buried electrode is disposed on the first electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer is disposed over the first electrode and the buried electrode. The buried electrode is embedded in the photoelectric conversion layer. The second electrode is arranged in a way such that the photoelectric conversion layer is positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: A concentration photovoltaic and heating apparatus including a printed circuit board (PCB), a power generating module, a heat conducting plate and a heat conducting pipe is provided. The power generating module includes a solar chip and a Fresnel lens. The solar chip is mounted on the PCB and configured for transforming light energy into electricity. The Fresnel lens is disposed over the solar chip and configured for focusing sunlight on the solar chip. The heat conducting plate carries the PCB. The heat conducting pipe is connected to the heat conducting plate. A fluid flowing in the heat conducting pipe is configured for being heated by a heat generated by the solar chip through the heat conducting plate.