Abstract: Techniques for detecting real-time proton beam dose include retrieving conversion data for converting proton dose to acoustic pressure based on medical imagery. 3D medical imagery is retrieved of a first region of interest (ROI) inside a first subject. A real-time signal indicates ultrasound pressure at a 2D ultrasound array disposed outside and in contact with the first subject close to the first ROI. Real-time 3D dose delivered in the first ROI is determined by inputting the real-time signal into a dose detection module that includes a neural network. The neural network is trained on multiple instances of a training set. Each instance includes: simulated proton dose delivered to a similar ROI inside a second subject; simulated pressure generation from that simulated dose based on the conversion data and a similar 3D medical image; and simulated acoustic transmission from the similar ROI to a similar two-dimensional ultrasound transducer array similarly disposed.

Abstract: Proton beams can deliver a highly targeted radiation dose to a narrow volume defined by their Bragg peaks. However, Bragg peak range uncertainties persist during dose delivery. Fortunately, pulsed proton beams generate protoacoustic emissions proportional to absorbed proton energy, thereby encoding dosimetry information in a detectable acoustic wave. The present embodiments provide methods and apparatuses to derive and model protoacoustic imaging with an ultrasound transducer, and examine the frequency characteristics of protoacoustic emissions, which are crucial parameters in imaging resolution.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring an electrotherapy treatment applied to a subject in need of such therapy. An ultrasound transducer array is positioned adjacent a tissue of the subject to which the electrotherapy treatment is to be applied. The electrotherapy treatment is administered to the tissue as a plurality of ultra-short electric pulses which generate an electric field in the vicinity of the tissue. The ultrasound transducer array detects acoustic signals which are induced by the electric field. The detected acoustic signals are then used to construct tomographic images which represent the electric field generated by the electrotherapy treatment during real-time.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to a new imaging modality called X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) technology and can be combined with traditional pulse and echo ultrasound imaging. It has the capability of real-time monitoring of geometric and morphological misalignments of the X-ray field with respect to the target tissue, thus improving radiotherapy tumor eradication and limiting treatment side effects. The XACT/US image-guided radiotherapy system according to embodiments holds great potential for personalized cancer treatment and better outcomes.

Abstract: A method and system of nanoscale photoacoustic tomography (nPAT) for non-invasive three-dimensional mapping and characterization of fine cellular structures (such as but not limited to organelles, vesicles, and macromolecules) of biological samples is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring an electrotherapy treatment applied to a subject in need of such therapy. An ultrasound transducer array is positioned adjacent a tissue of the subject to which the electrotherapy treatment is to be applied. The electrotherapy treatment is administered to the tissue as a plurality of ultra-short electric pulses which generate an electric field in the vicinity of the tissue. The ultrasound transducer array detects acoustic signals which are induced by the electric field. The detected acoustic signals are then used to construct tomographic images which represent the electric field generated by the electrotherapy treatment during real-time.

Abstract: A method and system of nanoscale photoacoustic tomography (nPAT) for non-invasive three-dimensional mapping and characterization of fine cellular structures (such as but not limited to organelles, vesicles, and macromolecules) of biological samples is disclosed.

Abstract: An X-ray computed tomography breast imaging method comprises positioning a patient such that a breast of the patient is disposed adjacent to an ultrasound detector comprising a transducer array, wherein the transducer array comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements, positioning an X-ray source in a predetermined position directed toward the breast, actuating the X-ray source to emit an X-ray pulse into the breast to induce ultrasonic acoustic waves to emit from the breast, wherein the X-ray pulse has a duration in a range of 1 picosecond (ps) to 1 microsecond (?s), detecting the ultrasonic acoustic waves with the ultrasound detector, and transmitting signals from the transducer array to a data processing system for generating an image of the breast.