Abstract: Provided is a set of techniques for measuring different properties or parameters of liquid crystal mixtures by applying a driving waveform and measuring the response current and/or the optical response. This may be done by using specific liquid crystal test cells. Also provided are the optimized test cell parameters that are used in the algorithms for calculating the properties.

Abstract: Provided is a set of techniques for measuring different properties or parameters of liquid crystal mixtures by applying a driving waveform and measuring the response current and/or the optical response. This may be done by using specific liquid crystal test cells. Also provided are the optimized test cell parameters that are used in the algorithms for calculating the properties.

Abstract: Provided is a set of techniques for measuring different properties or parameters of liquid crystal mixtures by applying a driving waveform and measuring the response current and/or the optical response. This may be done by using specific liquid crystal test cells. Also provided are the optimized test cell parameters that are used in the algorithms for calculating the properties.

Abstract: Provided is a set of techniques for measuring different properties or parameters of liquid crystal mixtures by applying a driving waveform and measuring the response current and/or the optical response. This may be done by using specific liquid crystal test cells. Also provided are the optimized test cell parameters that are used in the algorithms for calculating the properties.

Abstract: Provided is a set of techniques for measuring different properties or parameters of liquid crystal mixtures by applying a driving waveform and measuring the response current and/or the optical response. This may be done by using specific liquid crystal test cells. Also provided are the optimized test cell parameters that are used in the algorithms for calculating the properties.

Abstract: Provided is a set of techniques for measuring different properties or parameters of liquid crystal mixtures by applying a driving waveform and measuring the response current and/or the optical response. This may be done by using specific liquid crystal test cells. Also provided are the optimized test cell parameters that are used in the algorithms for calculating the properties.

Abstract: Provided is a set of techniques for measuring different properties or parameters of liquid crystal mixtures by applying a driving waveform and measuring the response current and/or the optical response. This may be done by using specific liquid crystal test cells. Also provided are the optimized test cell parameters that are used in the algorithms for calculating the properties.

Abstract: Provided is a set of techniques for measuring different properties or parameters of liquid crystal mixtures by applying a driving waveform and measuring the response current and/or the optical response. This may be done by using specific liquid crystal test cells. Also provided are the optimized test cell parameters that are used in the algorithms for calculating the properties.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuator having a multiple quantum well structure (MQWS), a feedback system that provides a feedback signal, and a current control that utilizes the feedback signal to regulate the attenuation of the MQWS. In one embodiment, the MQWS is part of a photo intrinsic diode, and in another embodiment it is part of a self-electro-optic effect device (SEED). Preferably, there are a plurality of MQWSs, which may be arranged in a serial stack or may be arranged in a plane parallel to the MQWS layers, with light passed from one MQWS to the next via prisms. Preferably, the beam is separated into component wavelengths by a demultiplexer, each wavelength is attenuated by one or more MQWSs designed to attenuate that wavelength, and the beam is then recombined with an optical multiplexer. In another embodiment, the attenuator is combined with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) to provide an amplifier having an essentially flat gain as a function of wavelength.

Abstract: A method of operating a liquid crystal cell includes DC-balancing by displaying an inverse image with electric fields of increased magnitude relative to the image producing electric fields. While the inverse image is displayed the image is prevented from being visible by either turning off the light source or re-directing or blocking the light from reaching the viewing area. The image producing electric fields and the inverse image producing electric fields are such that the cumulative time integral of the electric fields that are present in one direction across the liquid crystal material is substantially equal to the cumulative time integral of the electric fields that are present in the opposite direction during the given period of time during the operation of liquid crystal cell. The time duration of the inverse image portion is shorter than the time duration of the image portion by an amount proportional to the increased magnitude of the additional electric fields.

Abstract: A variable optical attenuator having a multiple quantum well structure (MQWS), a feedback system that provides a feedback signal, and a current control that utilizes the feedback signal to regulate the attenuation of the MQWS. In one embodiment, the MQWS is part of a photo intrinsic diode, and in another embodiment it is part of a self-electro-optic effect device (SEED). Preferably, there are a plurality of MQWSs, which may be arranged in a serial stack or may be arranged in a plane parallel to the MQWS layers, with light passed from one MQWS to the next via prisms. Preferably, the beam is separated into component wavelengths by a demultiplexer, each wavelength is attenuated by one or more MQWSs designed to attenuate that wavelength, and the beam is then recombined with an optical multiplexer. In another embodiment, the attenuator is combined with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) to provide an amplifier having an essentially flat gain as a function of wavelength.