Abstract: The systems and methods for wastewater treatment comprise a porous substrate with photocatalytic material(s), and optionally electrocatalytic material(s), for generation of hydroxyl radicals that decompose contaminants in wastewater. The systems and methods intentionally facilitate the photocatalytic and/or electrocatalytic generation of oxygen bubbles, which facilitate an increase in concentration of hydroxyl radicals and shrink the liquid layer of wastewater at photocatalytic and/or electrocatalytic surfaces where hydroxyl radicals are generated in order to decrease quenching of hydroxyl radicals and simultaneously increase utilization or efficiency of the hydroxyl radicals for decomposition of contaminants. In embodiments, the systems and methods prolong hydroxyl radical lifetime and enhance water treatment performance for residential, commercial, municipal, medical, and/or industrial applications.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of cryogenic cooling. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a mechanical vibration-isolated, liquid helium consumption-free cryogenic cooling device. The system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure comprises: a closed-cycle cryogenic cooling system, a helium heat exchange gas cooling and vibration isolation interface system, a cryogenic throttle valve cooling system, and a temperature feedback control system. The closed-cycle cooling system includes a cold head, a compressor, and a helium pipeline. The cryogenic throttle valve cooling system is thermally coupled to a low-temperature end of the cooling and vibration isolation interface.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope of the present disclosure includes: a room-temperature bore superconducting magnet including a liquid helium-consumption free closed-cycle cooling system, a superconducting magnet, and a chamber having a room-temperature bore; and a scanning probe microscope including a scanning head, a vacuum chamber, and a vibration isolation platform; and a computer control system. The room-temperature bore superconducting magnet is cooled by the cryogen-free closed-cycle cooling system which eliminates the dependence on liquid helium for high magnetic field operation. There is no physical contact between the scanning probe microscope and the superconducting magnet connected to the closed-cycle cooling system. The scanning probe microscope can achieve atomic-scale spatial resolution. The temperature of the scanning probe microscope is not restricted by the low temperature conditions for operation of the superconducting magnet.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a mechanical vibration-isolated, liquid helium recondensing cryogenic cooling system. The system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure includes: a closed-cycle cryogenic cooling system, a liquid helium recondensation cooling and vibration isolation system, and a temperature feedback control system. The present invention utilizes a closed-cycle cryogenic cooling system and may achieve low temperatures as low as 4.2 K and may consume substantially no helium gas or liquid helium. Using the cooling and vibration isolation system, liquid helium is generated and maintained through recondensation of helium gas. Not only does the technology effectively isolate the low-frequency vibrations produced by the closed-cycle cryogenic cooling system during operation, but it also resolves the issue of large fluctuations in the resulting temperature of the closed-cycle cryogenic cooling system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the technical field of cryogenic cooling. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a mechanical vibration-isolated, liquid helium consumption-free cryogenic cooling device. The system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure comprises: a closed-cycle cryogenic cooling system, a helium heat exchange gas cooling and vibration isolation interface system, a cryogenic throttle valve cooling system, and a temperature feedback control system. The cryogenic cooling system provided by the present disclosure can achieve extremely low temperatures, as low as 1.4 K (based on helium-4 medium) or 0.2 K (based on helium-3 medium) without the need for the consumption of liquid helium. The disclosed cooling system can also efficiently isolate intrinsic mechanical vibrations of the closed-cycle cooling system. The disclosed cooling system can achieve variable temperature regulation through the temperature feedback control system.

Abstract: A scanning probe microscope of the present disclosure includes: a room-temperature bore superconducting magnet including a liquid helium-consumption free closed-cycle cooling system, a superconducting magnet, and a chamber having a room-temperature bore; and a scanning probe microscope including a scanning head, a vacuum chamber, and a vibration isolation platform; and a computer control system. The room-temperature bore superconducting magnet is cooled by the cryogen-free closed-cycle cooling system which eliminates the dependence on liquid helium for high magnetic field operation. There is no physical contact between the scanning probe microscope and the superconducting magnet connected to the closed-cycle cooling system. The scanning probe microscope can achieve atomic-scale spatial resolution. The temperature of the scanning probe microscope is not restricted by the low temperature conditions for operation of the superconducting magnet.