Abstract: Systems and methods for multi-directional imaging in coupling with an indentation device are provided. The systems and methods can enable in situ multi-directional and full-field interfacial force response on soft matter. With more than two two-dimensional (2D) plane videos and/or images, the in situ nano-, micro-, and meso-scale time-dependent damage responses at the three-dimensional (3D) level can be constructed. Based on the obtained 2D and 3D videos and/or images, the underlying dynamic force response and fatigue mechanisms can be observed using a digital image correlation technique.

Abstract: Hybrid carbon nanofiber (Cnf) products (e.g., mats, yarns, webs, etc.) and methods of fabricating the same are provided. The hybrid Cnf products are flexible and lightweight and have high thermal conductivity. An electrospinning process can be used to fabricate the hybrid Cnf products and can include preparation of an electrospinning solution, electrospinning, and carbonization (e.g., under a vacuum condition).