Abstract: The present disclosure provides a driving method for a liquid crystal display panel and a non-transitory computer storage medium. The driving method includes: for the plurality of sub-pixels, adopting a first gray-level table for displaying a picture in other frame pictures other than a first frame picture in each of the plurality of predetermined periods, the first gray-level table including a plurality of first gray-level values; and adopting a second gray-level table for displaying a picture in the first frame picture in each of the plurality of predetermined periods, the second gray-level table including a plurality of second gray-level values.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a redox flow battery includes an electrochemical cell in fluid communication with anolyte and catholyte working electrolytes, and a primary OCV cell to measure the potential difference between the positive and negative working electrolyte, and a reference OCV cell to measure the potential difference between the reference cell working electrolyte, which is one of the anolyte and catholyte working electrolytes, and a reference electrolyte, wherein the reference electrolyte has a known potential. In another embodiment, a method of operating a redox flow battery includes calculating the potential values of the anolyte and catholyte working electrolytes based on the known potential values of the reference electrolyte and the first and second potential difference values obtained from the primary OCV cell and the reference OCV cell.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cell in a redox flow battery includes a first flow frame for flow of a catholyte, a second flow frame for flow of an anolyte, and a separator between the first flow frame and the second flow frame, wherein the separator has a first side and a second side and an outer perimeter, and a gasket-and-separator assembly including a gasket assembly laminated to the separator, wherein the gasket assembly seals the outer perimeter of the separator on the first side and the second side.

Abstract: A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is described and which includes a proton exchange membrane having at least one gas diffusion layer which is juxtaposed relative thereto, and which is fabricated, at least in part, of a porous, electrically conductive, inorganic material which is selected from the group comprising metal diborides, metal disilicides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, and composites, laminates and solid solutions thereof.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, an electrochemical cell includes a positive portion including a cathode and a catholyte half-cell and a negative portion including an anode and an anolyte half-cell, wherein at least one of the catholyte half-cell and the anolyte half-cell has a plurality of electrolyte flow areas; an ion transfer membrane separating the positive portion and the negative portion; and at least one positive current collector in contact with the cathode and at least one negative current collector in contact with the anode.

Abstract: The patent relates to fuel cell systems and controlling fuel cell systems. One fuel cell system includes at least one fuel cell stack that includes multiple different serially arranged cells. The system also includes at least one component configured to effect an operating environment of the at least one fuel cell stack. The system further includes a controller configured to operate the at least one component at a primary control point relating to one or more parameters of the operating environment. The controller is further configured to temporarily adjust the at least one component to a secondary control point relating to the one or more parameters. The controller can then re-adjust the at least one component to the primary control point. The fuel cell system can achieve greater overall performance than can be obtained without the adjusting and re-adjusting.

Abstract: The patent relates to fuel cell systems and controlling fuel cell systems. One fuel cell system includes at least one fuel cell stack that includes multiple different serially arranged cells. The system also includes at least one component configured to effect an operating environment of the at least one fuel cell stack. The system further includes a controller configured to operate the at least one component at a primary control point relating to one or more parameters of the operating environment. The controller is further configured to temporarily adjust the at least one component to a secondary control point relating to the one or more parameters. The controller can then re-adjust the at least one component to the primary control point. The fuel cell system can achieve greater overall performance than can be obtained without the adjusting and re-adjusting.

Abstract: The concepts relate to in-line shunting of fuel cells. In one case, a fuel cell stack can include multiple serially arranged cells. The multiple serially arranged cells can be compressed against one another and can be supplied by a fuel supply manifold that is integral and internal to the fuel cell stack. A power source can be electrically coupled with the fuel cell stack at a bus. A controller can be configured to shunt sub-sets of the fuel cell stack while the fuel cell stack continues to supply power to the bus.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a fuel cell which has an anode and a cathode includes first and second circuitry which are utilized, to selectively short the anode to the cathode and further is useful in measuring the rate of voltage recovery following shorting, and which can be utilized as a predictor of appropriate fuel cell hydration and can be further utilized to adjust the operational conditions of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is described and which includes a proton exchange membrane having at least one gas diffusion layer which is juxtaposed relative thereto, and which is fabricated, at least in part, of a porous, electrically conductive, inorganic material which is selected from the group comprising metal diborides, metal disilicides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, and composites, laminates and solid solutions thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a fuel cell which has an anode and a cathode includes first and second circuitry which are utilized, to selectively short the anode to the cathode and further is useful in measuring the rate of voltage recovery following shorting, and which can be utilized as a predictor of appropriate fuel cell hydration and can be further utilized to adjust the operational conditions of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A fuel cell is described and which includes an ion exchange membrane; an electrode positioned in ion exchanging relation relative to the ion exchange membrane; a gas diffusion layer borne by the electrode and having an outwardly facing surface; a porous metal coating comprising one or more elements selected from the periodic table of elements and which has an atomic number of less than 75, and which is positioned at least in partial covering relation relative to the outwardly facing surface of the gas diffusion layer; and a current collector forcibly disposed in ohmic electrical contact with the porous metal coating.

Abstract: A current collector for use in a fuel cell is described and wherein the fuel cell includes an ion exchange membrane having opposite anode and cathode sides, and a current collector is disposed in ohmic electrical contact with each of the anode and cathode sides, and wherein at least one of the current collectors has a surface area which provides substantially effective operational hydration for the ion exchange membrane.

Abstract: A fuel cell is described and which includes an ion exchange membrane; an electrode positioned in ion exchanging relation relative to the ion exchange membrane; a gas diffusion layer borne by the electrode and having an outwardly facing surface; a porous metal coating comprising one or more elements selected from the periodic table of elements and which has an atomic number of less than 75, and which is positioned at least in partial covering relation relative to the outwardly facing surface of the gas diffusion layer; and a current collector forcibly disposed in ohmic electrical contact with the porous metal coating.

Abstract: A fuel cell power system comprising a fuel cell having a cathode and an anode adapted to be coupled to a fuel supply, and which is configured to produce electrical power having a current and voltage output; a controller electrically coupled with the fuel cell, and configured to selectively short the anode to the cathode of the fuel cell; and circuitry configured to measure resistance of the fuel cell in timed relation to the shorting.

Abstract: A fuel cell power system comprising a fuel cell having a cathode and an anode adapted to be coupled to a fuel supply, and which is configured to produce electrical power having a current and voltage output; a controller electrically coupled with the fuel cell, and configured to selectively short the anode to the cathode of the fuel cell; and circuitry configured to measure resistance of the fuel cell in timed relation to the shorting.

Abstract: A fuel cell is disclosed and which includes an anode and a cathode and which produces a voltage output which is supplied to a load; an electrical energy storage device is provided; and a controller is electrically coupled to the fuel cell, and which periodically shunts the voltage output of the fuel cell between the anode and cathode by electrically coupling the electrical energy storage device to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A fuel cell power system comprising a fuel cell having a cathode and an anode adapted to be coupled to a fuel supply, and which is configured to produce electrical power having a current and voltage output; a controller electrically coupled with the fuel cell, and configured to selectively short the anode to the cathode of the fuel cell; and circuitry configured to measure resistance of the fuel cell in timed relation to the shorting.

Abstract: A fuel cell power system comprising a fuel cell having a cathode and an anode adapted to be coupled to a fuel supply, and which is configured to produce electrical power having a current and voltage output; a controller electrically coupled with the fuel cell, and configured to selectively short the anode to the cathode of the fuel cell; and circuitry configured to measure resistance of the fuel cell in timed relation to the shorting.

Abstract: A current collector for use in a fuel cell is described and wherein the fuel cell includes an ion exchange membrane having opposite anode and cathode sides, and a current collector is disposed in ohmic electrical contact with each of the anode and cathode sides, and wherein at least one of the current collectors has a surface area which provides substantially effective operational hydration for the ion exchange membrane.