Abstract: Provided is a risk assessment method for power transmission line windage yaw flashover. The method includes determining the influence factors of power transmission line windage yaw flashover and setting risk assessment indexes according to the influence factors (S101); generating the standard cloud of the risk assessment indexes according to the incident occurrence probabilities and the consequence levels of the risk assessment indexes (S103); scoring the influence factors according to the risk assessment indexes and generating the risk cloud of the risk assessment indexes according to scoring results (S105); and performing a two-dimensional similarity calculation on the risk cloud and the standard cloud to obtain two-dimensional similarity between the risk cloud and the standard cloud and determining the risk level of the power transmission line windage yaw flashover according to the two-dimensional similarity (S107).

Abstract: A method of producing an antibody fragment for a target antigen includes administering an immunizing mixture containing the target antigen to a cartilaginous fish for at least two times; collecting a blood sample from the cartilaginous fish; extracting RNAs from the blood sample; subjecting said RNAs to reverse transcription to obtain a complementary DNA, and optionally amplifying the cDNA to obtain a mixture of amplified cDNAs followed by purification. Also covered are methods of producing an antibody fragment from a shark; antibody fragments obtained from the method; a kit comprising antibody fragments; and methods of determining the presence and/or amount of a target antigen in a sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to surface modified extracellular vesicles, wherein the extracellular vesicles comprise an exogenous polypeptide tag that is covalently linked to a membrane protein of the extracellular vesicles. In a particular embodiment, the tag is covalently linked to the membrane protein of microvesicles by sortase-mediated ligation. Methods of preparing said extracellular vesicles and methods of using said extracellular vesicles loaded with therapeutic molecules for treating a disease are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method of producing an antibody fragment for a target antigen includes administering an immunizing mixture containing the target antigen to a cartilaginous fish for at least two times; collecting a blood sample from the cartilaginous fish; extracting RNAs from the blood sample; subjecting said RNAs to reverse transcription to obtain a complementary DNA, and optionally amplifying the cDNA to obtain a mixture of amplified cDNAs followed by purification. Also covered are methods of producing an antibody fragment from a shark; antibody fragments obtained from the method; a kit comprising antibody fragments; and methods of determining the presence and/or amount of a target antigen in a sample.