Abstract: Methods, systems, and an apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, are provided for determining a skill factor of a client application. The method can comprise performing a statistical analysis of a plurality of users who interacted with a client application for generating a first set of users and a second set of users, determining, outcomes of a number of random matchups between users selected from the first set of users and users selected from the second set of users to generate a score indicating how often the users selected from the first set of users defeat the users selected from the second set of users, modifying the client application when the score that is generated is greater than or equal to a skill score, and providing the client application that is modified to the plurality of users on respective client devices.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for determining lifetime value of users of client application.