Abstract: Provided is a method for catalytically activating carbon dioxide as a carbonylation reagent with inorganic sulfur. In the method, carbon dioxide can be used to replace a toxic and harmful carbonylation reagent in the presence of H2S and an alkali for the synthesis of a carbonyl-containing fine chemical product. The method has a relatively high atomic economy and can reduce the generation of by-products.

Abstract: Top-mount PCB mounting assemblies, and electronic devices and optical communication device thereof are provided. The top-mount PCB mounting assemblies may include a PCB with a top surface as a reference surface; a chassis disposed underneath the PCB and separate from the PCB; a shoulder screw comprising a screw head, a screw body and a screw tail, where the shoulder screw is soldered on a top of the PCB and is connected to the chassis by tightening a M2.5 screw from a bottom of the chassis; and a nut, positioned between the PCB and the chassis, made of a rigid feature, and configured to receive and fasten the shoulder screw and keep a distance between the PCB and the chassis within a controlled dimension.

Abstract: A battery slurry, an electrode plate and a lithium battery are provided. The battery slurry includes an aqueous binder and an organic additive. The organic additive includes at least one of —NHR and —SH, where R is alkyl.

Abstract: A user of an automated natural language system may submit an ambiguous or incomplete request, and interactive techniques may be used to obtain clarification information from the user and then determine a response for presentation to the user. A user's initial request may be processed to compute a category score for each possible category of request. The category scores may be processed to determine if clarification of the request is needed. Where clarification is needed, one or more tags may be selected to determine a clarification question to be presented to the user. For example, a tag clarification score may be computed for each tag that indicates a value of the tag in clarifying the request. After receiving the clarification information from the user, one or more categories may be selected or, where needed, additional clarification information may be obtained.

Abstract: A hydroformylation catalyst, a preparation method thereof and a use thereof. The hydroformylation catalyst including an active component and a carrier carrying the active component, wherein the active component includes a transition metal as a center atom, and a polyhydroxy aromatic ring group bonded to the transition metal; and the transition metal and the polyhydroxy aromatic ring groups are bonded by at least one of metal-hydroxyl coordination bond and at least one of metal-oxygen covalent bond, and the active component has at least one of the metal-hydroxyl coordination bond and at least one of the metal-oxygen covalent bond.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a system, method, and computer program for matching an input file to one of a plurality of datastore files and displaying the rationale for the match. Neural networks are trained to create vector representations of objects in the input file and the datastore files. The cost of each possible pairing of vector representations between the input file and a datastore file is computed, and an optimal transport algorithm is used to identify the vector pairings that result in the lowest total cost of alignment. The datastore file with the lowest total cost of alignment to the input file is identified as the best matching file. The alignment results are used to display the rationale for the match. To constrain the alignment results of the optimal transport algorithm, one or more dummy points and, in certain embodiments, duplicate points are added to one or both of the vector sets to achieve alignments with the desired sparsity patterns.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a selective hydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of catalysts. The selective hydrogenation catalyst comprises an active component and a carrier for supporting the active component, wherein the active component is a transition metal particle, the carrier is modified by a flexible chain ligand in advance, one end of the flexible chain ligand is uniformly distributed on the surface of the carrier, and the other end of the flexible chain ligand is coordinated on a transition metal. When the catalyst is used for catalytic hydrogenation reaction of dehydrolinalool or 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, the stability is good, the catalyst still has high selectivity after being used for a long time, and the quality of a hydrogenation product can be guaranteed.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods of characterizing chemical composition of a sample containing crude oil or a petroleum fraction are presented. The methods can include, in a processor, receiving assay data of the sample, and particularly molecular-level data obtained using advanced analytical techniques, and processing this data in view of a model library of compounds, including reconciling compound compositions, to form a characterization of the chemical composition of the sample.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a selective hydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of catalysts. The selective hydrogenation catalyst comprises an active component and a carrier for supporting the active component, wherein the active component is a transition metal particle, the carrier is modified by a flexible chain ligand in advance, one end of the flexible chain ligand is uniformly distributed on the surface of the carrier, and the other end of the flexible chain ligand is coordinated on a transition metal. When the catalyst is used for catalytic hydrogenation reaction of dehydrolinalool or 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, the stability is good, the catalyst still has high selectivity after being used for a long time, and the quality of a hydrogenation product can be guaranteed.

Abstract: The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of catalysis, and particularly relates to a metal oxide coated ceramic corrugated plate catalyst, its preparation method and application thereof in preparation of key intermediates of citral. The catalyst consists of a ceramic corrugated plate carrier and a metal oxide active layer coated on a surface of the carrier, wherein the metal oxide active layer is a metal oxide formed by active ingredient titanium and at least four other metal elements selected from vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, zirconium, niobium and molybdenum.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a PdIn alloy catalyst including a carrier and Pd metal particles supported by the carrier, the carrier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material having a plurality of passages, Pd metal particles are distributed in the plurality of passages, the nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material includes a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, a plurality of indium oxide particles, and In metal particles. The In metal particles are exposed through the plurality of passages, the plurality of indium oxide particles are uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, and In atoms of the In metal particles migrated to surfaces of Pd particles selectively occupy edge and corner positions of metal lattice of Pd metal particles. The present disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing the PdIn alloy catalyst and application thereof.

Abstract: A user of an automated natural language system may submit an ambiguous or incomplete request, and interactive techniques may be used to obtain clarification information from the user and then determine a response for presentation to the user. A user's initial request may be processed to compute a category score for each possible category of request. The category scores may be processed to determine if clarification of the request is needed. Where clarification is needed, one or more tags may be selected to determine a clarification question to be presented to the user. For example, a tag clarification score may be computed for each tag that indicates a value of the tag in clarifying the request. After receiving the clarification information from the user, one or more categories may be selected or, where needed, additional clarification information may be obtained.

Abstract: A composite catalyst includes a carrier and noble metal particles supported by the carrier, wherein the carrier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material having a plurality of passages. The nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material can include a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material and a plurality of metal oxide particles. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be partially exposed through the plurality of passages. The noble metal particles can be tightly combined with the exposed metal oxide particles to achieve recombination. And the noble metal particles can be at least one of Pd metal particles, Pt metal particles, Ru metal particles, Rh metal particles, Ir metal particles, Au metal particles, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A composite catalyst includes a carrier and noble metal particles supported by the carrier, wherein the carrier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material having a plurality of passages. The nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material can include a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material and a plurality of metal oxide particles. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material. The plurality of metal oxide particles can be partially exposed through the plurality of passages. The noble metal particles can be tightly combined with the exposed metal oxide particles to achieve recombination. And the noble metal particles can be at least one of Pd metal particles, Pt metal particles, Ru metal particles, Rh metal particles, Ir metal particles, Au metal particles, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a PdIn alloy catalyst including a carrier and Pd metal particles supported by the carrier, the carrier is a nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material having a plurality of passages, Pd metal particles are distributed in the plurality of passages, the nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite material includes a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, a plurality of indium oxide particles, and In metal particles. The In metal particles are exposed through the plurality of passages, the plurality of indium oxide particles are uniformly distributed in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, and In atoms of the In metal particles migrated to surfaces of Pd particles selectively occupy edge and corner positions of metal lattice of Pd metal particles. The present disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing the PdIn alloy catalyst and application thereof.

Abstract: A neural network may be used to suggest a response to a received message. One or more messages of a conversation may be processed to generate a conversation feature vector that describes the conversation. The conversation feature vector may be used to select a template from a data store of templates. For example, each template may be associated with a template feature vector, and the template whose template feature vector is closest to the conversation feature vector may be selected. The selected template may have a slot corresponding to a class of words, such as a person's name. A text value may be obtained corresponding to the slot (e.g., a person's name), and the template and the text value may be used to suggest a response to the received message. A person may select the suggested response to cause the suggested response to be sent as a message.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of characterizing metal content and chemical composition of crude oil, including determining at least one respective organometallic class and subclass derived from physical and chemical property data for each organometallic class and crude oil physical and chemical property data and at least one segment type and segment number range of the segment type bound to each organometallic subclass. The method determines a relative ratio of each organometallic class and subclass that forms a chemical composition representative of the given crude oil, such that the determined relative ratio and the determined respective organometallic class and subclass, segment type, and segment number range form a characterization of the metal content and the chemical composition of the given crude oil, resulting in a display, as output to an end-user, of the formed characterization of the metal content and the chemical composition of the given crude oil.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods of characterizing chemical composition of a sample containing crude oil or a petroleum fraction are presented. The methods can include, in a processor, receiving assay data of the sample, and particularly molecular-level data obtained using advanced analytical techniques, and processing this data in view of a model library of compounds, including reconciling compound compositions, to form a characterization of the chemical composition of the sample.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit (FIG. 3C) is disclosed. The circuit includes a bipolar transistor (304) having a base, collector, and emitter. Each of a plurality of diodes (308-316) has a first terminal coupled to the base and a second terminal coupled to the collector. The collector is connected to a first terminal (V+). The emitter is connected to a first power supply terminal (V?).