Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward solutions, transparent films prepared from aromatic copolyamides, and a display element, an optical element or an illumination element using the solutions and/or the films. The copolyamides, which contain pendant carboxylic groups are solution cast into films using cresol, xylene, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), or butyl cellosolve or other solvents or mixed solvent which has more than two solvents. When the films are thermally cured at temperatures near the copolymer glass transition temperature, after curing, the polymer films display transmittances >80% from 400 to 750 nm, have coefficients of thermal expansion of less than 20 ppm, and are solvent resistant.

Abstract: A method for preparing uniquely sized nanoparticles of CaF2 by simultaneously spray drying a first NH4F and a biocompatible salt solution and a second Ca(OH)2 and biocompatible salt solution to form CaF2 solid particles in a soluble salt matrix wherein the salt is more soluble than CaF2. The salt matrix may then be dissolved and the separate CaF2 nanosized particles collected for use as a dental therapeutic material. The technique is useful in the preparation of other discrete, nanoparticle sized compounds and combinations by carefully choosing the solvents and solutes of the two spray dried solutions.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydrorefining catalyst comprises the following steps: (1) mixing an aqueous ammonia solution with a polyamine complexing agent to form a mixed solvent; (2) adding a cobalt salt to the mixed solvent, dissolving the cobalt salt, and then adding a molybdenum salt and optional salts of other active components, and dissolving them to prepare an impregnating solution; and (3) impregnating a support with the impregnating solution, followed by aging, drying, and activating the impregnated support to form a hydrorefining catalyst. The hydrorefining catalyst prepared by this method has good activity, selectivity and stability in use.

Abstract: A class of solvent resistant, flexible copolyimide substrates having high optical transparency (>80% from 400 to 750 nm) that is retained after brief exposure to 300° C., near-zero birefringence (<0.001) and a maximum CTE of approximately 60 ppm/° C. is disclosed. The copolyimides are prepared from alicyclic dianhydrides, aromatic cardo diamines, and aromatic diamines containing free carboxyl groups. The substrates are manufactured from solutions of the copolyimides containing multifunctional epoxides in the form of single layer films, multilayer laminates and glass fiber reinforced composite films. The substrates can be used in the construction of flexible optical displays, and other microelectronic and photovoltaic devices that require their unique combination of properties.

Abstract: Films with optical transmittance of >80% between 400 and 750 nm and with CTEs less than 20 ppm/° C. are prepared from aromatic polyamides that are soluble in polar organic solvents yet have Tgs >300° C. The films are crosslinked in the solid state by heating at elevated temperatures for short periods of time in the presence of multifunctional epoxides. Surprisingly, the optical and thermal properties of the films do not change significantly during the curing process. The temperature required for the crosslinking process to take place can be reduced by the presence of a few free, pendant carboxyl groups along the polyamide backbones. The films are useful as flexible substrates for electronic displays and photovoltaic devices.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward transparent films prepared from soluble aromatic copolyamides with glass transition temperatures greater than 300 C. The copolyamides, which contain pendant carboxylic groups are solution cast into films using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), or other polar solvents. The films are thermally cured at temperatures near the copolymer glass transition temperature. After curing, the polymer films display transmittances>80% from 400 to 750 nm, have coefficients of thermal expansion of less than 20 ppm, and are solvent resistant. The films are useful as flexible substrates for microelectronic devices.

Abstract: A method for preparing uniquely sized nanoparticles of CaF2 by simultaneously spray drying a first NH4F and a biocompatible salt solution and a second Ca(OH)2 and biocompatible salt solution to form CaF2 solid particles in a soluble salt matrix wherein the salt is more soluble than CaF2. The salt matrix may then be dissolved and the separate CaF2 nanosized particles collected for use as a dental therapeutic material. The technique is useful in the preparation of other discrete, nanoparticle sized compounds and combinations by carefully choosing the solvents and solutes of the two spray dried solutions.

Abstract: A selective hydrogenation catalyst, with alumina as carrier, and palladium as active component that distributed on the surface of the carrier in an egg-shell form, characterized in that: provided that the catalyst is weighed 100%, it comprises 0.2-0.5 wt % active component Pd, 2-8 wt % aids lanthanum and/or cerium, and 2-8 wt % alkaline earth metal. The specific surface area of the catalyst is 70-150 m2/g, the pore volume is 0.3-0.6 ml/g, and the crystal form of the carrier may be ? form or ?, ? mixed form mainly composed of ? form. The catalyst is suitable for the selective hydrogenation of medium or low distillate oil, especially for the first stage selective hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline. The catalyst has good hydrogenation performance, and can keep good hydrogenation activity and stability especially under the condition that the feed contains a small quantity of water, and the content of colloid, arsenic, and diolefin is higher.

Abstract: A selective hydrogenation catalyst, with alumina as carrier, and palladium as active component that distributed on the surface of the carrier in an egg-shell form, characterized in that: provided that the catalyst is weighed 100%, it comprises 0.2-0.5 wt % active component Pd, 2-8 wt % aids lanthanum and/or cerium, and 2-8 wt % alkaline earth metal. The specific surface area of the catalyst is 70-150 m2/g, the pore volume is 0.3-0.6 ml/g, and the crystal form of the carrier may be ? form or ?, ? mixed form mainly composed of ? form. The catalyst is suitable for the selective hydrogenation of medium or low distillate oil, especially for the first stage selective hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline. The catalyst has good hydrogenation performance, and can keep good hydrogenation activity and stability especially under the condition that the feed contains a small quantity of water, and the content of colloid, arsenic, and diolefin is higher.

Abstract: A selective nickel-based hydrogenation catalyst with alumina as carrier and the preparation thereof, characterized in that: provided that the catalyst is weighed 100%, it comprises nickel oxide 14-20% as active component, lanthanum oxide and/or cerium oxide 1-8%, VIB element oxide 1-8% as aids, 2-8% silica, 1-8% alkaline earth metal oxides. The catalyst specific surface area is 60-150 m2/g, and the pore volume is 0.4-0.6 ml/g. The catalyst has good hydrogenation performance, especially impurity and colloid resistance and hydrogenation stability. The catalyst can be applied to the diolefin selective hydrogenation of medium or low-distillate oil, especially of the full-distillates pyrolysis gasoline.

Abstract: A negative birefringence film prepared from a poly(aryletherimide) which is the reaction product of a dianhydride and a diamine, where the dianhydride is 4,4?-[4,4?-(p-phenyleneoxy)isopropylidene]bis(phthalic anhydride) (BisADA), bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)ether dianhydride (ODPA), 4,4?-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)biphenyl dianhydride (BPEDA), 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyloxy)phenyl dianhydride (BPQDA), 3,3?,4,4?-tetracarboxylicbiphenyl dianhydride (BPDA), or 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA), alone or a mixture with one or more of: 3,3?,4,4?-tetracarboxylicbiphenyl dianhydride (BPDA), 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA); and where the diamine is 1,4-bis(2-trifluoromethyl-4-aminophenoxy)-2,5-di(t-butyl)benzene (BTBDA), 3,3?-dimethyl-4,4?-diamino biphenyl (OTOL), or mixtures thereof and wherein when a mixture of dianhydrides is present, they are present in a molar amount of between 99 to 1 (99:1) and 1 to 99 (1:99), and the film has

Abstract: A non-stretched, negative birefringent copolyester film, which has been solution cast from toluene and/or MIBK and mixtures of these with other solvents on a substrate, and has a ?n? of >0.02 and a DP between 0.90 and 1.10.

Abstract: Nano-particles of calcium and phosphorous compounds are made in a highly pure generally amorphous state by spray drying a weak acid solution of said compound and evaporating the liquid from the atomized spray in a heated column followed by collection of the precipitated particles. Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles formed by such apparatus and methods are examples of particle manufacture useful in bone and dental therapies. Dual nozzle spraying techniques are utilized for generally insoluble compounds.

Abstract: Combining nanosized particles of a source of desired dental restorative, repair or therapeutic materials with strengthening agents in various generally nanosized form such as whiskers, fibers, particles and the like in a resin matrix provides a highly strain resistant composite which more effectively releases the therapeutic agents. The utilization of nano sized particles of the therapeutic agent in the combination enables observation of significantly improved therapeutic results.

Abstract: A negative birefringence film prepared from a poly(aryletherimide) which is the reaction product of a dianhydride and a diamine, where the dianhydride is BisADA, ODPA, BPEDA, BPQDA, BPDA, or 6FDA, alone or a mixture with one or more of: BPDA, 6FDA, BisADA, Bis-AF-DA, BPQDA, BPEDA, and ODPA; and where the diamine is 4,4?-diaminophenyl ether, 2-trifluoromethyl-4,4?-diaminophenyl ether, 2-trifluoromethyl-2?-methyl-4,4?-diaminophenyl ether, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 4,4?-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 4,4?-bis(3-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 4,4?-bis(4-aminophenoxy)terphenyl, 4,4?-bis(3-aminophenoxy)terphenyl, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 1,4-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzene, 2,2?-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4?-diaminophenyl ether (6FODA), 4,4?-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)biphenyl (6FOBDA), 4,4?-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3,3?,5,5?-tetramethylbiphenyl, 4,4?-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3,3?,5,5?-tetra(ter

Abstract: A test device for an electronic product comprises a vertical pressing pole having a pushing end. The test device also comprises a movable platform with a sticking point, wherein upward movement of the movable platform moves the vertical pressing pole upwards by the sticking point. The vertical pressing pole passes through a balance weight which rests on the sticking point. A pressurized platform bears pressure from the pushing end, when the pushing end is pushed onto the pressurized platform. A load-bearing platform supports the pressurized platform and the electronic product located below the pressurized platform. The product is pressed between the pressurized platform and the load-bearing platform due to the pressure from the pushing end lying on the pressurized platform. When the movable platform is further moved downwards after the pushing end is on the pressurized platform, the sticking point bearing the balance weight is separate from the movable platform.

Abstract: Combining nanosized particles of a source of desired dental restorative, repair or therapeutic materials with strengthening agents in various generally nanosized form such as whiskers, fibers, particles and the like in a resin matrix provides a highly strain resistant composite which more effectively releases the therapeutic agents. The utilization of nano sized particles of the therapeutic agent in the combination enables observation of significantly improved therapeutic results.

Abstract: Nano-particles of calcium and phosphorous compounds are made in a highly pure generally amorphous state by spray drying a weak acid solution of said compound and evaporating the liquid from the atomized spray in a heated column followed by collection of the precipitated particles. Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles formed by such apparatus and methods are examples of particle manufacture useful in bone and dental therapies. Dual nozzle spraying techniques are utilized for generally insoluble compounds.

Abstract: A class of soluble poly(aryletherimides) (PAEIs) having flexible backbones, useful in the manufacture of polymeric optical films are disclosed. The poly(aryletherimides) are dissolved in organic solvents, such as ketones and ketone solvent mixtures and coated on variety of substrates such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), to form clear thin-layer films which display negative birefringence. The thin films can serve as compensation layers in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and can be combined with other types of optical films, such as polarizers, brightness enhancement films, or other compensation films, to from multi-layered films that are especially useful in the manufacture of LCDs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions of dental materials containing nano-sized calcium phosphate and other fillers that release calcium, phosphate and fluoride. This invention further relates to dental compositions for restorations, stress-bearing applications, artificial crowns, anterior and posterior tooth fillings, adhesives, cavity liners, cements, bases, orthodontic devices, prostheses, and sealants utilizing high stress-bearing materials that release materials for the remineralization of decayed tooth structures.