Abstract: Provided herein are systems and apparatuses for a dispensing device with an electromechanical feedback system including safety features and short circuit protection for the electrical cigarette by additional circuitry.

Abstract: An echo cancellation method and a transceiver to reduce dependence of a system on an enob of a DAC, and improve performance of echo cancellation. The transceiver includes an echo cancellation apparatus, a transmit link, a receive link, and a hybrid circuit. The transmit link and the receive link are coupled to a transmission line by using the hybrid circuit. The echo cancellation apparatus includes a first signal converter, a slicer, a first subtractor, a second digital-to-analog converter, a second subtractor, and a third subtractor.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a switch and a communication system. The switch in embodiments of this application includes a first laser and a first optical splitter. The first laser is configured to provide a first laser light. The first optical splitter is configured to split the first laser light into a first downstream laser light and a second downstream laser light, where the first downstream laser light is used for transmitting information to a first terminal, and the second downstream laser light is used for transmitting information to a second terminal.

Abstract: This application provides a narrowband interference isolation method and a communication apparatus. An example method includes: determining a parameter of a narrowband interference signal; determining a coefficient of a first filter based on the parameter of the narrowband interference signal, wherein the first filter is located at a receive end of a master communication device, and the coefficient of the first filter is for filtering out the narrowband interference signal; and sending the parameter of the narrowband interference signal or the coefficient of the first filter to M slave communication devices using an Ethernet operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) frame, wherein the master communication device is connected to the M slave communication devices, M?1, and M is an integer.

Abstract: This application provides a narrowband interference isolation method and a communication apparatus. An example method includes: determining a parameter of a narrowband interference signal; determining a coefficient of a first filter based on the parameter of the narrowband interference signal, wherein the first filter is located at a receive end of a master communication device, and the coefficient of the first filter is for filtering out the narrowband interference signal; and sending the parameter of the narrowband interference signal or the coefficient of the first filter to M slave communication devices using an Ethernet operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) frame, wherein the master communication device is connected to the M slave communication devices, M?1, and M is an integer.

Abstract: An echo cancellation method and a transceiver to reduce dependence of a system on an enob of a DAC, and improve performance of echo cancellation. The transceiver includes an echo cancellation apparatus, a transmit link, a receive link, and a hybrid circuit. The transmit link and the receive link are coupled to a transmission line by using the hybrid circuit. The echo cancellation apparatus includes a first signal converter, a slicer, a first subtractor, a second digital-to-analog converter, a second subtractor, and a third subtractor.

Abstract: A passive optical network communication method, including receiving an Ethernet packet carrying an optical network unit identifier, determining a correspondence between the optical network unit identifier and an optical network unit type according to the optical network unit identifier, determining that an optical network unit that receives the Ethernet packet is a first type of optical network unit, where the optical network unit type includes the first and second type of optical network unit, and a packet receiving rate of the first type is different from that of the second type, determining a correspondence between the optical network unit type and a channel according to the first type, determining a channel corresponding to the first type, encapsulating the Ethernet packet into a gigabit-capable passive optical network encapsulation method (GEM) frame, and sending the GEM frame to the first type of optical network unit using the determined channel.

Abstract: An ultrasonic wave-based voice signal transmission system, where the system includes an ultrasonic modulator, a beamforming controller, an ultrasonic transducer array, and a user detector. The ultrasonic modulator is configured to modulate a voice signal onto an ultrasonic band and output the modulated voice signal to the beamforming controller. The user detector is configured to detect a user and output a detection result of the user to the beamforming controller. The beamforming controller is configured to control according to the detection result from the user detector, a phase and amplitude of the modulated voice signal to obtain an electrical signal pointing to the user, and output, to the ultrasonic transducer array, the electrical signal pointing to the user. Therefore, call convenience can be improved for the user.

Abstract: An optical signal modulation circuit includes a laser (DFB), a modulator (EAM), and an operational amplifier. The laser (DFB) generates a laser to stimulate the modulator (EAM) to generate a photon-generated current (ip), a first port (a) of the modulator (EAM) is connected to a first input voltage (Vbias), a second port (b) of the modulator (EAM) is connected to an inverting input end of the operational amplifier, a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected to a second input voltage (Vin), and an output end of the operational amplifier is connected to the first port (a) of the modulator. In the modulation circuit, a photon-generated current (ip) of the EAM is fed back to the operational amplifier, to implement a linear relationship between the second input voltage (Vin) and the photon-generated current (ip) of the EAM, and obtain a linear EML transmission curve, namely, a high-linearity EML.

Abstract: An optical signal modulation circuit includes a laser (DFB), a modulator (EAM), and an operational amplifier. The laser (DFB) generates a laser to stimulate the modulator (EAM) to generate a photon-generated current (ip), a first port (a) of the modulator (EAM) is connected to a first input voltage (Vbias), a second port (b) of the modulator (EAM) is connected to an inverting input end of the operational amplifier, a non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier is connected to a second input voltage (Vin), and an output end of the operational amplifier is connected to the first port (a) of the modulator. In the modulation circuit, a photon-generated current (ip) of the EAM is fed back to the operational amplifier, to implement a linear relationship between the second input voltage (Vin) and the photon-generated current (ip) of the EAM, and obtain a linear EML transmission curve, namely, a high-linearity EML.

Abstract: An ultrasonic wave-based voice signal transmission system, where the system includes an ultrasonic modulator, a beamforming controller, an ultrasonic transducer array, and a user detector. The ultrasonic modulator is configured to modulate a voice signal onto an ultrasonic band and output the modulated voice signal to the beamforming controller. The user detector is configured to detect a user and output a detection result of the user to the beamforming controller. The beamforming controller is configured to control according to the detection result from the user detector, a phase and amplitude of the modulated voice signal to obtain an electrical signal pointing to the user, and output, to the ultrasonic transducer array, the electrical signal pointing to the user. Therefore, call convenience can be improved for the user.

Abstract: A passive optical network communication method, including receiving an Ethernet packet carrying an optical network unit identifier, determining a correspondence between the optical network unit identifier and an optical network unit type according to the optical network unit identifier, determining that an optical network unit that receives the Ethernet packet is a first type of optical network unit, where the optical network unit type includes the first and second type of optical network unit, and a packet receiving rate of the first type is different from that of the second type, determining a correspondence between the optical network unit type and a channel according to the first type, determining a channel corresponding to the first type, encapsulating the Ethernet packet into a gigabit-capable passive optical network encapsulation method (GEM) frame, and sending the GEM frame to the first type of optical network unit using the determined channel.

Abstract: A coaxial cable tap comprises a housing, and a faceplate coupled to the housing. The faceplate comprises a first directional tap port, and a diagnostic reverse (DR) port configured to receive a first upstream signal originating downstream from the coaxial cable tap, and inject a downstream test signal in a downstream direction. A hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network comprises a headend, a first amplifier coupled to the headend, and a tap coupled to the first amplifier, configured to couple to a plurality of cable modems (CMs), and comprising a diagnostic forward (DF) port configured to receive a downstream signal originating from the first amplifier, and inject an upstream test signal in an upstream direction for reception at the headend.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a wavelength shift control method and system, to implement stable control over temperature of a laser to ensure that a transmit wavelength of the laser is stable in a burst work process of a transmitter and is not shifted to avoid impact on normal work of a PON system with a plurality of wavelength paths. The method includes: generating a burst control signal; sending the burst control signal to a controller; and controlling switch statuses of a laser and a heater according to the received burst control signal, where when a switch of the laser is in an on state, a switch of the heater is in an off state, and when a switch of the laser is in an off state, a switch of the heater is in an on state, so that a temperature of the laser remains stable.

Abstract: An apparatus for despreading in an optical domain configured to split a received optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal, perform phase deflection on the second optical signal, output a third optical signal, perform phase deflection on the first optical signal and the third optical signal, output a fourth optical signal and a fifth optical signal to a balanced receiver, and superimpose the fourth optical signal and the fifth optical signal to generate a first electrical signal. A multiplication operation in conventional code division multiple access (CDMA) despreading is transferred from an electrical domain to an optical domain such that a chip rate can be easily raised to 20 gigahertz (GHz) or even to 25 GHz, a maximum rate of 100 gigabits per second (Gbps) can be provided in a single wavelength, and a user requirement for high bandwidth can be met.

Abstract: A method implemented by a middlebox comprising registering a customer premises equipment (CPE) in the middlebox, wherein the CPE is coupled to the middlebox via an electrical line, and facilitating registration of the CPE in a central office (CO) equipment coupled to the middlebox.

Abstract: An apparatus for despreading in an optical domain configured to split a received optical signal into a first optical signal and a second optical signal, perform phase deflection on the second optical signal, output a third optical signal, perform phase deflection on the first optical signal and the third optical signal, output a fourth optical signal and a fifth optical signal to a balanced receiver, and superimpose the fourth optical signal and the fifth optical signal to generate a first electrical signal. A multiplication operation in conventional code division multiple access (CDMA) despreading is transferred from an electrical domain to an optical domain such that a chip rate can be easily raised to 20 gigahertz (GHz) or even to 25 GHz, a maximum rate of 100 gigabits per second (Gbps) can be provided in a single wavelength, and a user requirement for high bandwidth can be met.

Abstract: An apparatus for interconnecting a fiber-optic network and a coax network comprising a coax line terminal (CLT) configured to couple to an optical line terminal (OLT) at the fiber-optic network and a plurality of coax network units (CNUs) at the coax network and to cache data received from the CNUs and forward the cached data to the OLT upon receiving a message from the OLT that assigns a transmission cycle for a specified CNU, wherein the CLT forwards the cached data to the OLT upon receiving the message regardless of whether the cached data corresponds to the specified CNU.

Abstract: A method for reducing far-end crosstalk in a digital line system is provided. The method includes receiving a noise related value fed back from a first receiving end to a first transmitting end over a first line. The method further includes pre-coding, a first signal and crosstalk source signals according to values of filtering parameters to form a synthesized signal corresponding to the first line. The crosstalk source signals are related to second signals over a second line. The method further includes transmitting the synthesized signal from the first transmitting end to the first receiving end over the first line. A corresponding device for reducing far-end crosstalk in a digital line system is provided.

Abstract: A method implemented by a middlebox comprising registering a customer premises equipment (CPE) in the middlebox, wherein the CPE is coupled to the middlebox via an electrical line, and facilitating registration of the CPE in a central office (CO) equipment coupled to the middlebox.