Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods for detecting air breathed by a user and/or one or more gases are provided herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus may include a test material adapted to reduce in size when exposed to one or more stimuli. In some embodiments, one or more chemicals may be disposed on the test material and, when exposed to the air breathed by the user, the one or more chemicals are adapted to transform from a first color to a second color. In some embodiments, when the test material reduces in size an intensity of the second color increases. The apparatus may further include a face mask. In this regard, the test material may be removably attached to the face mask. The apparatus may further include a spectrophotometer configured to determine if the one or more chemicals have transformed from the first color to the second color.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions of a carrier solution to resuspend mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), methods to formulate an MSC-containing pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of medical diseases. Practicing these methods and composition will greatly preserve the cell viability, identity and biological function, and substantially slow down the cell death and function loss during preparation, storage or shipping, before the administration to a recipient.

Abstract: A method for imaging three-dimensional topography with high precision, which overcomes the disadvantage and deficiency of low precision in observing three-dimensional topography of hydraulically fractured cracks of rocks, improve the precision in observing three-dimensional topography of cracks in rock hydraulic fracturing test, and benefit for scientifically understanding regular pattern of development of hydraulically fractured cracks of rocks.

Abstract: Provided are methods for detecting and treating disease states, including cancer, diabetes, fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases, by detecting increased mechanical modulus, or stiffness, or targeting tissues having increased mechanical modulus, or stiffness. Practicing these methods provides specific and localized detection assays and therapies for these disease states. Provided are mechano-responsive cell systems that can selectively detect and treat cancer metastases by targeting the unique biophysical and mechanical properties in the tumor microenvironment. Provided are methods for making mechano-sensitive CAR T cells by using mechano-responsive promoter logic. Provided are blood tests using engineered stem cells that express reporters after the cells home to a specific niche and secrete the reporter into the blood, which can be then be detected with a blood test.