Abstract: Apparatus and methods for reverse identification and authentication are provided. The apparatus and methods may include a server receiving a request from a user device to authenticate an entity, forming a communication channel between the entity and the user device, requesting the entity provide authentication credentials, and authenticating the entity. When the entity is authenticated, the server may notify the user through the authentication channel, a mobile device application, or another method. An entity may proactively authenticate itself to a user through the central server, in anticipation of a communication between the entity and user.

Abstract: An apparatus for making photographs from a video image including a video system for creating the video image and for displaying the video image to the subject, a photographic system for producing a photograph from the video image, and a computer for transferring the video image from the video system to the photographic system. The computer system digitizes the video image signal from the video system, stores it in a digitized format and converts it to an analog signal for display by the video system and for producing photographs by the photographic system. And a method of producing photographs from a video image using the above apparatus.