Abstract: Traditional power generation with a turbine may be inefficient, costly or inconvenient. The improvement disclosed herein involves the use of two fluids. A pressurizing fluid is vaporized, pressurized and fed into a pressure cylinder holding a liquid working fluid. The pressurizing fluid forces the working fluid out of the pressure cylinder and through a liquid turbine to generate electricity or perform work. The working fluid is recycled from the turbine into another pressure cylinder for re-use. The pressurizing fluid is condensed and then also recycled back to the evaporator where it is vaporized and pressurized again. Use of a liquid rather than gas turbine makes for improved efficiency and lower cost. The use of a separate pressurizing fluid, which may be volatile, allows for convenient use where the temperature of the thermal source is limited.

Abstract: Traditional power generation with a turbine may be inefficient, costly or inconvenient. The improvement disclosed herein involves the use of two fluids. A pressurizing fluid is vaporized, pressurized and fed into a pressure cylinder holding a liquid working fluid. The pressurizing fluid forces the working fluid out of the pressure cylinder and through a liquid turbine to generate electricity or perform work. The working fluid is recycled from the turbine into another pressure cylinder for re-use. The pressurizing fluid is condensed and then also recycled back to the evaporator where it is vaporized and pressurized again. Use of a liquid rather than gas turbine makes for improved efficiency and lower cost. The use of a separate pressurizing fluid, which may be volatile, allows for convenient use where the temperature of the thermal source is limited.

Abstract: A volatilized substance is condensed using a vapor-liquid interface. The volatilized substance is diffused into a condenser vessel containing a cooling liquid via a diffusion device. When the volatilized substance comes into contact with the cooling liquid it is condensed. The large vapor-liquid surface area created by the diffusion device enhances the rate of condensation. The cooling liquid is circulated through a heat exchanger to remove heat introduced by the condensing vapor. The temperatures of the cooling liquid leaving and entering the condenser vessel are monitored.

Abstract: A resin containing a desirable compound is extracted from plant material and dissolved in a volatile non-polar solvent. The solvent is evaporated, cooling the solution and increasing the saturation level of the compound in the solution. A second volatile non-polar solvent, in which the compound is less soluble, is then added to the solution and evaporated. This again cools the solution and increases the saturation level until the compound has started to crystallize. The crystals are then filtered and rinsed. Crystallization is more rapid compared to traditional techniques. The resin is obtained from the plant material using an extraction solvent to form a solution, which is then floated above an immiscible liquid, where it is drawn off through a screen and the extraction solvent evaporated.

Abstract: A resin containing a desirable compound is extracted from plant material and dissolved in a volatile non-polar solvent. The solvent is evaporated, cooling the solution and increasing the saturation level of the compound in the solution. A second volatile non-polar solvent, in which the compound is less soluble, is then added to the solution and evaporated. This again cools the solution and increases the saturation level until the compound has started to crystallize. The crystals are then filtered and rinsed. Crystallization is more rapid compared to traditional techniques. The resin is obtained from the plant material using an extraction solvent to form a solution, which is then floated above an immiscible liquid, where it is drawn off through a screen and the extraction solvent evaporated.

Abstract: A volatilized substance is condensed using a vapor-liquid interface. The volatilized substance is diffused into a condenser vessel containing a cooling liquid via a diffusion device. When the volatilized substance comes into contact with the cooling liquid it is condensed. The large vapor-liquid surface area created by the diffusion device enhances the rate of condensation. The cooling liquid is circulated through a heat exchanger to remove heat introduced by the condensing vapor. The temperatures of the cooling liquid leaving and entering the condenser vessel are monitored.

Abstract: A device and method for extracting a solute from a substrate using a hydrocarbon solvent is disclosed. The device includes a storage tank for storing solvent at temperature T1 and pressure P1, with T1 and P1 below the boiling point. A material column is included for holding the substrate and a compression pump to pump the solvent from the storage tank to the material column at a second pressure P2 to leach the substrate material of solute, P2 being higher than P1. A collection vessel is included for receiving the solvent/solute solution. The collection vessel being configure to separate the solute from solvent by raising the solution to a second temperature T2 above the boiling point of the solvent. A heat exchanger for liquefying the solvent gas before the solvent is transferred back to the storage tank.