Abstract: In one implementation, a method of generating a bit stream encoding a video stream is performed by a device including one or more processors and non-transitory memory. The method includes decomposing a video stream into a plurality of frequency band video streams. The method includes determining a target bitrate and determining, for each frequency band video stream, a respective frequency band bit rate based on the target bit rate. The method includes encoding each of the plurality of frequency band video streams at its respective frequency band bit rate and transmitting, over a channel, each encoded frequency band video stream.

Abstract: Techniques for reducing reduce coding artifacts in video data are disclosed. In one aspect, a frame of video data is partitioned into pixel blocks, which are organized into slices. The pixel blocks of each slice are coded by a compression algorithm and an estimate of coding artifacts in the slice is made. For slices that are estimated to possess coding artifacts, the method revises coding parameters applied to pixel blocks in the slice and recodes the slice. The method substitutes recoded slices for originally-coded slices in frame, working in a priority order from a slice with the highest estimated likelihood of coding artifacts down to slices with lower estimated likelihoods of coding artifacts, measuring changes in the frame's coding size as it goes.

Abstract: An antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof is capable of specifically recognizing TrkA and uses thereof. The antibody contains a CDR sequence selected from at least one of the following or an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity with it: heavy chain variable region CDR sequences: SEQ ID NO: 1˜27, light chain variable region CDR sequences: SEQ IN NO: 28˜54. The above antibody can specifically targeted-bind to the TrkA receptor and block the binding of NGF to TrkA.

Abstract: Techniques for encoding video with reduced frame-boundary artifacts are presented. The techniques include a video encoding method, where, when skip mode is selected as a motion prediction coding mode for a pixel block predicted from a reference block of a reference frame, estimating an amount of the reference block that extends beyond the edge of the reference frame. If the amount beyond the edge does not exceed a threshold, the prediction may be coded with skip mode. If the amount beyond the edge exceeds a threshold, the pixel block may be partitioned, and the partitioned blocks may be coded with motion prediction.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for coding image data adaptively at different levels of downscaling. Such techniques may involve partitioning input data into pixel blocks for coding and performing content analysis on the pixel blocks. The pixel blocks may be input to block coders that operate at different pixel block sizes, which may code the pixel blocks input to them at their respective sizes. Except when a block coder operates at the partitioning size, block coders that operate at different pixel block sizes may perform downscaling of the pixel blocks to match their size with the block coders' respective coding size. A block decoder may invert the coding operations performed by the block coders, decoding coded image data at respective pixel block sizes, then upscaling decoded image data obtained therefrom to a common pixel block size. Image reconstruction may synthesize a resultant image from the decode pixel block data output by the decoders.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for improving the quality of a reconstructed video sequence that was captured under low light conditions by means of bitrate budget management. In response to a low illumination video capture detection, and based on estimation of the video image characteristics, frame bitrate budget and/or frame rate, used in motion compensated predictive coding techniques, are modified from their default values.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for developing quantization matrices for use in video coding. According to these techniques a first quantization matrix may be derived from a second quantization matrix by scaling quantization values of the second quantization matrix by scaling parameters. The scaling parameters may increase according to distance between each matrix position and a matrix origin, they may be derived from characteristics of a video sequence to be coded, or both. The first quantization matrix may be communicated to a decoder. Thereafter, a video sequence may be coded predictively. As part of the coding, pixel data of the video sequence may be transformed to a plurality of frequency domain coefficients, and the frequency domain coefficients may be quantized according to the first quantization matrix.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for coding image data adaptively at different levels of downscaling. Such techniques may involve partitioning input data into pixel blocks for coding and performing content analysis on the pixel blocks. The pixel blocks may be input to block coders that operate at different pixel block sizes, which may code the pixel blocks input to them at their respective sizes. Except when a block coder operates at the partitioning size, block coders that operate at different pixel block sizes may perform downscaling of the pixel blocks to match their size with the block coders' respective coding size. A block decoder may invert the coding operations performed by the block coders, decoding coded image data at respective pixel block sizes, then upscaling decoded image data obtained therefrom to a common pixel block size. Image reconstruction may synthesize a resultant image from the decode pixel block data output by the decoders.

Abstract: Techniques for encoding video with reduced frame-boundary artifacts are presented. The techniques include a video encoding method, where, when skip mode is selected as a motion prediction coding mode for a pixel block predicted from a reference block of a reference frame, estimating an amount of the reference block that extends beyond the edge of the reference frame. If the amount beyond the edge does not exceed a threshold, the prediction may be coded with skip mode. If the amount beyond the edge exceeds a threshold, the pixel block may be partitioned, and the partitioned blocks may be coded with motion prediction.

Abstract: Techniques for encoding video with temporal layering are described, comprising predicting a sequence of pictures with a motion prediction reference pattern having a number of virtual temporal layers, and encoding the sequence of pictures into an encoded bitstream with a temporal layering syntax, wherein a number of signaled temporal layers is less than the number of virtual temporal layers. The number of signaled temporal layers may be determined from a target highest frame rate, a target base layer frame rate, and the number of virtual temporal layers.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for developing quantization matrices for use in video coding. According to these techniques a first quantization matrix may be derived from a second quantization matrix by scaling quantization values of the second quantization matrix by scaling parameters. The scaling parameters may increase according to distance between each matrix position and a matrix origin, they may be derived from characteristics of a video sequence to be coded, or both. The first quantization matrix may be communicated to a decoder. Thereafter, a video sequence may be coded predictively. As part of the coding, pixel data of the video sequence may be transformed to a plurality of frequency domain coefficients, and the frequency domain coefficients may be quantized according to the first quantization matrix.

Abstract: The dynamic streaming of multimedia data between a data server and one or more clients is disclosed. Dynamic streaming enables the rapid and accurate characterization of the end-to-end path conditions in a server-client streaming session, as well as the rapid and intelligent response to those conditions in terms of source compression prior to data packetization. The most significant bits of an original bit stream can be adaptively and immediately selected in response to network conditions. The adaptive selection process is informed by feedback from the client receiver indicative of a time-to-transit the network from server to client. A control protocol and server architecture, including file format, data structure, data processing procedures, cache control mechanisms, and adaptation algorithms useful in implementing dynamic streaming are also disclosed.

Abstract: Source signals, such as audio and/or video data, are encoded into multiple, consecutive frequency bands. These bands are referred to as coding layers. Rather than performing complex bit-slice operations, a disclosed technique enables an agile and simplified response to transmission channel throughput variations. Specifically, if it becomes necessary to restrict the rate of data transmission to avoid receiver buffer underflow resulting from transmission channel degradation, layers from the transmitted signal are omitted, beginning with the highest frequency bands. Efficient and agile bit rate scalability during data streaming through wired or wireless networks and during local playback is thus enabled.

Abstract: A method for improving precision in FFT calculations. For each iteration in an FFT implementation, a constant normalization multiplier is inserted such that the dynamic ranges of the input and output are the same. The final FFT output is multiplied by a constant normalization factor given by the number of iterations and the constant normalization multiplier.

Abstract: Round-off error in fixed-point arithmetic is minimized by changing the magnitudes of two multipliers simultaneously. The dynamic range of an intermediate output is thus maximized to increase computation precision. A much smaller round-off error, caused by fixed-point arithmetic, thus results.

Abstract: The automatic and optimal selection of coding parameter values according to analyses of coding trials is disclosed. The Neural Encoding Model (NEM) provides a method for providing a quantitative measure of the likelihood that a human observer can distinguish an original sensory signal from an approximation thereof, thus providing a metric by which the effect of various coding parameters may be analyzed and optimized. Optimal coding parameters can be defined for an entire data set, such as a digitized audio file, or for discrete portions of the data set. A trial coded data set or portion thereof is analyzed to determining if certain coding parameters have been assigned optimal values. If not, parameter manipulation is performed in an intelligent order and the objective analysis is repeated until predetermined objective perceptual distance criteria are achieved.