Abstract: A method of determining one or more target nucleic acids in cells includes the steps of: delivering one or more probes into the cells, each of the one or more probes being capable of binding with corresponding target nucleic acid present in the cells to form a double-stranded sequence; inserting an array of functionalized nanoneedles into the cells to bind with the double-stranded sequence; and hybridizing the bound double-stranded sequence with a first and second DNA sequence to produce a hybridized product, the first and second DNA sequence being at least partially complementary to each other. A kit for determining a target nucleic acid in cells includes a first reagent comprising a probe for binding with the target nucleic acid to form a double-stranded sequence; and an array of functionalized nanoneedles comprising a protein for binding with the double-stranded sequence.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating a subject suffering from Clostiridium difficile infection or its associated symptom includes administering a therapeutic effective amount of a HMGB1 inhibitor to the subject. A method of inhibiting toxin-induced cytotoxic effect in colon cells includes contacting the colon cells with an effective amount of a HMGB1 inhibitor.

Abstract: A method of preparing a library of small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression systems for producing siRNA for silencing of target genes by inducing degradation of target gene RNA expression products includes: (i) isolating RNA of one or more target genes from a cell population; (ii) generating RNA fragments from the isolated RNA; (iii) converting the RNA fragments into dsDNA fragments; and (iv) cloning the dsDNA fragments into vectors for forming cloned vectors, each vector including one or more promoters and at least one restriction enzyme site capable of accepting the insertion of at least one dsDNA fragment such that siRNA can be produced. Methods for producing siRNA from the siRNA expression system and methods of identifying a functional target gene for treatment by using the siRNA produced from the siRNA expression system and for identifying RNAi therapeutics are also provided.

Abstract: A method of preventing or treating a subject suffering from Clostiridium difficile infection or its associated symptom includes administering a therapeutic effective amount of a HMGB1 inhibitor to the subject. A method of inhibiting toxin-induced cytotoxic effect in colon cells includes contacting the colon cells with an effective amount of a HMGB1 inhibitor.

Abstract: The technology described herein relates to siRNAs, e.g., methods and compositions relating to the production of siRNAs in bacterial cells.

Abstract: A method of determining one or more target nucleic acids in cells includes the steps of: delivering one or more probes into the cells, each of the one or more probes being capable of binding with corresponding target nucleic acid present in the cells to form a double-stranded sequence; inserting an array of functionalized nanoneedles into the cells to bind with the double-stranded sequence; and hybridizing the bound double-stranded sequence with a first and second DNA sequence to produce a hybridized product, the first and second DNA sequence being at least partially complementary to each other. A kit for determining a target nucleic acid in cells includes a first reagent comprising a probe for binding with the target nucleic acid to form a double-stranded sequence; and an array of functionalized nanoneedles comprising a protein for binding with the double-stranded sequence.

Abstract: The technology described herein relates to siRNAs, e.g., methods and compositions relating to the production of siRNAs in bacterial cells.

Abstract: A method of preparing a library of small interfering RNA (siRNA) expression systems for producing siRNA for silencing of target genes by inducing degradation of target gene RNA expression products includes: (i) isolating RNA of one or more target genes from a cell population; (ii) generating RNA fragments from the isolated RNA; (iii) converting the RNA fragments into dsDNA fragments; and (iv) cloning the dsDNA fragments into vectors for forming cloned vectors, each vector including one or more promoters and at least one restriction enzyme site capable of accepting the insertion of at least one dsDNA fragment such that siRNA can be produced. Methods for producing siRNA from the siRNA expression system and methods of identifying a functional target gene for treatment by using the siRNA produced from the siRNA expression system and for identifying RNAi therapeutics are also provided.

Abstract: The technology described herein relates to siRNAs, e.g., methods and compositions relating to the production of siRNAs in bacterial cells.

Abstract: The technology described herein relates to siRNAs, e.g., methods and compositions relating to the production of siRNAs in bacterial cells.