Abstract: The present disclosure relates to antiscale dispersant compositions. The compositions may include various components. The compositions may be used in connection with gray and/or black water processing in a coal gasification system. The compositions are useful for inhibiting the deposition of various materials, such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, iron, aluminum, silicate, calcium sulfate, and any suspended solids in the water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a use of an inorganic salt or acid capable of producing free phosphate or fluoride ion in reducing the hardness and/or alkalinity of a water system containing residual antiscalant. In the lab test, it is found that the addition of a suitable amount of sodium phosphate or sodium fluoride may induce alkalinity reduction as well as hardness reduction. The production efficiency can be enhanced since the scaling was relieved and heat exchange efficiency can be improved. Meanwhile, lower scaling stress also means lower antiscalant dosage and cost, and thus the total operation cost can be reduced.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a combination for inhibiting or removing biofouling and a method for inhibiting biofouling growth or removing biofouling. This disclosure also relates to a combination including halogen-type oxidizers, sulfur-containing compounds, and ammonium salts and/or urea. Also disclosed are methods for inhibiting the biofouling growth in a reverse osmosis membrane separation device or nanofiltration membrane separation device or removing the biofouling in a reverse osmosis membrane separation device or nanofiltration membrane separation device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to antiscale dispersant compositions. The compositions may include various components. The compositions may be used in connection with gray and/or black water processing in a coal gasification system. The compositions are useful for inhibiting the deposition of various materials, such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, iron, aluminum, silicate, calcium sulfate, and any suspended solids in the water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a use of an inorganic salt or acid capable of producing free phosphate or fluoride ion in reducing the hardness and/or alkalinity of a water system containing residual antiscalant. In the lab test, it is found that the addition of a suitable amount of sodium phosphate or sodium fluoride may induce alkalinity reduction as well as hardness reduction. The production efficiency can be enhanced since the scaling was relieved and heat exchange efficiency can be improved. Meanwhile, lower scaling stress also means lower antiscalant dosage and cost, and thus the total operation cost can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention provides devices, methods, and compositions for dry chemical reagents to measure calcium, magnesium (total hardness), and other analytes in water using colorimetric devices. The measurement may be a one-step procedure without the need of dilution and multi-step preparation, so that it can be easily employed by untrained personnel. The chemical reagents may include dyes, buffer reagents, masking reagents, competing ligands, and other chemicals such as fillers. The chemical reagents may be grinded together as a homogenous fine powder, equally dispensed into small containers for each test or dried as film or solid using the means of air, low heat or vacuum. The composition may be easily dissolved into water samples and stable for long term storage.