Abstract: Prediction of a channel capacity is accomplished based on a TDR echo without explicitly estimating the topology of the line. The prediction is based on obtaining a measured TDR echo, determining a theoretical TDR echo for a plurality of loop lengths, estimating the equivalent TDR length based on an optimization, updating the equivalent TDR length and utilizing the updated TDR length to predict one or more of the upstream and downstream data rates.

Abstract: A patient monitoring device and method that determines and monitors at least one patient parameter is provided. A configuration processor generates configuration information in response to a first input signal and an adaptive notch filter receives a second input signal. The second input signal includes a signal of interest and an interference signal in a predetermined frequency range. The adaptive notch filter automatically estimates the interference signal within the second input signal based on a filter parameter and removes the estimated interference signal from the second input signal to generate a target signal. A step processor is electrically coupled between the configuration processor and the adaptive notch filter and sets a value of the filter parameter based on the configuration information, wherein the adaptive notch filter uses the filter parameter to reduce a ringing artifact on the target signal below a threshold level.

Abstract: A method performed in a system that has a plurality of volumes stored to storage hardware, the method including generating, for each of the volumes, a respective space saving potential iteratively over time and scheduling space saving operations among the plurality of volumes by analyzing each of the volumes for space saving potential and assigning priority of resources based at least in part on space saving potential.

Abstract: A method for sharing data blocks in a hierarchical file system in a storage server includes allocating a plurality of data blocks in the file system, and sharing data blocks in the file system, without using a persistent point-in-time image, to avoid duplication of data blocks. A method for identifying data blocks that can be shared includes computing a fingerprint for each of multiple data blocks to be written to a storage facility and storing the fingerprint with information identifying the data block in an entry in a set of metadata. The set of metadata is used to identify data blocks which are duplicates.

Abstract: A system for restoring data to a storage server generates a lookup data structure based on a backup image, where the lookup data structure defines a correspondence between individual block identifiers and individual data blocks of a plurality of data blocks in the backup image. The system then generates a directory structure on the storage server based on the backup image. After generating the directory structure, the system generates an empty restored file in the directory structure based on the backup image. The system then populates file contents of the restored file based on the lookup data structure.

Abstract: A system and method for calculating and storing block fingerprints for data deduplication. A fingerprint extraction layer generates a fingerprint of a predefined size, e.g., 64 bits, for each data block stored by a storage system. Each fingerprint is stored in a fingerprint record, and the fingerprint records are, in turn, stored in a fingerprint database for access by the data deduplication module. The data deduplication module may periodically compare the fingerprints to identify duplicate fingerprints, which, in turn, indicate duplicate data blocks.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a network cache intercepts data requested by a client from a remote server interconnected with the cache through one or more wide area network (WAN) links (e.g., for Wide Area File Services, or “WAFS”). The network cache stores the data and sends the data to the client. The cache may then intercept a first write request for the data from the client to the remote server, and determine one or more portions of the data in the write request that changed from the data stored at the cache (e.g., according to one or more hashes created based on the data). The network cache then sends a second write request for only the changed portions of the data to the remote server.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods related to assessing the risk of cancer, such as breast cancer, through analyzing the length of telomeres, such as chromosome 9p telomere, such as the short arm of the 9p telomere. If the 9p arm is shorter than normal, the risk of cancer is increased.

Abstract: A system and method for managing data deduplication of a storage system utilizing persistent consistency point images (PCPIs). Once a target PCPI of a data transfer is generated, a backup management module of the storage system alerts a data deduplication module to begin deduplication of the data contained within the target PCPI. Once the deduplication procedure has been completed, the active file system of the storage system has been deduplicated, however, the target PCPI remains un-deduplicated. In response, the backup management module generates and exports a revised target PCPI. The previous target PCPI may then be deleted, thereby transitioning the exported PCPI's image of the state of the file system to a deduplicated state.

Abstract: A technique for eliminating duplicate data is provided. Upon receipt of a new data set, one or more anchor points are identified within the data set. A bit-by-bit data comparison is then performed of the region surrounding the anchor point in the received data set with the region surrounding an anchor point stored within a pattern database to identify forward/backward delta values. The duplicate data identified by the anchor point, forward and backward delta values is then replaced in the received data set with a storage indicator.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a network cache intercepts data requested by a client from a remote server interconnected with the cache through one or more wide area network (WAN) links (e.g., for Wide Area File Services, or “WAFS”). The network cache stores the data and sends the data to the client. The cache may then intercept a first write request for the data from the client to the remote server, and determine one or more portions of the data in the write request that changed from the data stored at the cache (e.g., according to one or more hashes created based on the data). The network cache then sends a second write request for only the changed portions of the data to the remote server.

Abstract: A method implements a single system configuration for backing-up and restoring a clustered storage system. The clustered storage system contains a plurality of storage servers. A virtual volume is configured based on one or more of the plurality of storage servers. The virtual volume shields its physical implementation from a client system. A virtual backup device is configured based on a physical backup device connected with one of the plurality of storage servers. The virtual backup device shields its connectivity from the client system. The method backs-up volume data stored in the virtual volume to the virtual backup device, irrespective of which of the plurality of storage servers is utilized by the virtual volume, or which of the plurality of storage servers is connected with the physical backup device.

Abstract: A network storage server restores a selected file or files from a block-level backup of a data set that contains multiple files, by using a client-server backup protocol, without restoring the entire data set. The backup can include at least one incremental backup image, in which case the file can be restored at least partially from the incremental backup image. A particular version of a file can also be restored, from a block-level backup image that includes multiple snapshots, by automatically selecting a particular snapshot associated with that version of the file, from the backup image, and using the selected snapshot to restore the file.

Abstract: An image-based backup backs up one or more snapshots of a volume without duplicating common data blocks. A backup engine receives a request to generate a backup image of a volume. In response to the request, the backup engine generates the backup image including data blocks and metadata describing attributes of the data blocks. The data blocks and the metadata arranged in the backup image in a same order as they were retrieved without imposing any additional ordering constraints on the data blocks and the metadata.

Abstract: A technique for eliminating duplicate data is provided. Upon receipt of a new data set, one or more anchor points are identified within the data set. A bit-by-bit data comparison is then performed of the region surrounding the anchor point in the received data set with the region surrounding an anchor point stored within a pattern database to identify forward/backward delta values. The duplicate data identified by the anchor point, forward and backward delta values is then replaced in the received data set with a storage indicator.

Abstract: Image-based data restoration restores an entire image of a volume or selective files. A restore engine receives a request to restore data from a backup image that includes a plurality of data blocks and metadata describing attributes of the data blocks. In response to the request, the restore engine determines a restore mode. If it is determined to be a logical restore mode, the restore engine restores a file by retrieving the metadata associated with the file and the data blocks that are pointed to by the metadata. If it is determined to be an image restore mode, the restore engine restores an entire image of the volume by using the data blocks in the backup image without using the metadata.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a traversal engine that traverses (walks) through metadata containers (e.g., inodes) in a file system and determines the metadata containers that have been modified (added, changed, deleted, or renamed) within a particular time interval. A modified metadata container corresponds to a data container (e.g., file or directory) that has been modified within the particular time interval. The traversal engine records, into a table, information about the modified metadata containers. The traversal engine also records, into the table, parent information corresponding to an immediate parent of a modified data container.

Abstract: A system and method for managing data deduplication of a storage system utilizing persistent consistency point images (PCPIs). Once a target PCPI of a data transfer is generated, a backup management module of the storage system alerts a data deduplication module to begin deduplication of the data contained within the target PCPI. Once the deduplication procedure has been completed, the active file system of the storage system has been deduplicated, however, the target PCPI remains un-deduplicated. In response, the backup management module generates and exports a revised target PCPI. The previous target PCPI may then be deleted, thereby transitioning the exported PCPI's image of the state of the file system to a deduplicated state.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides an apparatus and method for presenting differences in a file system. In an embodiment, an application programming interface receives a request from a host, where the request is for a listing of changes in the file system within a time interval. A comparison unit determines each metadata container that has changed in the file system within the time interval. The application programming interface buffers at least one identifier that corresponds to a metadata container that has changed in the file system within the time interval. The application programming interface packages and transmits the at least one identifier to the host. The at least one identifier is readable on the host.

Abstract: A system and method for managing data deduplication of a storage system utilizing persistent consistency point images (PCPIs). Once a target PCPI of a data transfer is generated, a backup management module of the storage system alerts a data deduplication module to begin deduplication of the data contained within the target PCPI. Once the deduplication procedure has been completed, the active file system of the storage system has been deduplicated, however, the target PCPI remains un-deduplicated. In response, the backup management module generates and exports a revised target PCPI. The previous target PCPI may then be deleted, thereby transitioning the exported PCPI's image of the state of the file system to a deduplicated state.