Abstract: Disclosed are a lithium-ion adsorption material, a preparation method and use thereof. The preparation method includes: mixing sodium alginate, calcium carbonate, gluconolactone and water to obtain a sodium alginate hydrogel; The soaking the sodium alginate hydrogel into an oxidizing solution, and subjecting a resulting solution to oxidative ring-opening reaction to obtain an oxidized sodium alginate hydrogel; mixing the oxidized sodium alginate hydrogel, a dispersant, a solvent and a lithium-based compound, and subjecting an obtained mixture to aldol condensation reaction to obtain a lithium-based sodium alginate hydrogel; and subjecting the lithium-based sodium alginate hydrogel to acid-washing and freeze-drying in sequence to obtain the lithium ion adsorption material.