Abstract: This technology provides designs and methods for the vehicle on-board unit (OBU), which facilitates vehicle operations and control for connected automated vehicle highway (CAVH) systems. OBU systems provide vehicles with individually customized information and real-time control instructions for vehicle to fulfill the driving tasks such as car following, lane changing, route guidance. OBU systems also realize transportation operations and management services for both freeways and urban arterials. The OBU composed of the following devices: 1) a vehicle motion state parameter and environment parameter collection unit; 2) a multi-mode communication unit; 3) a location unit; 4) an intelligent gateway unit, and 5) a vehicle motion control unit. The OBU systems realize one or more of the following function categories: sensing, transportation behavior prediction and management, planning and decision making, and vehicle control.

Abstract: Two PARMS-SNP molecular markers for identifying resistant gene VrTAF5 of Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek Cercospora leaf spot disease are provided, which belongs to the field of molecular genetic breeding. The two molecular markers PARMS-1517 and PARMS-10010 include SNP sites located at the 32622352 and 32613913 bases of Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek chromosome 6 respectively. 240 bp sequence before and after the PARMS-1517 is shown in SEQ ID NO.1, a 131st position is SNP site, and a polymorphism is A/C; 240 bp sequence before and after the PARMS-10010 is shown in SEQ ID NO.2, a 117th position is SNP site, and a polymorphism is A/G. The PARMS-SNP molecular markers have a high specificity, accurate and reliable detection results, which can be used for rapid identifying Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek Cercospora leaf spot disease resistant varieties, molecular marker-assisted selective breeding, and shortening a breeding period.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods for determining the biosimilarity of a test protein in relation to a target biologic in which the test protein is digested by two distinct proteases, the resultant digested peptide fragments are analyzed by column chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to achieve 100% of the amino acid sequence coverage and 100% amino acid sequence accuracy of the test protein.