Abstract: A method for computing free energy difference between a reference molecule and a target molecule. The target molecule has the common set of atoms PAB and a set of atoms PB. The method includes applying a potential to restrain an interaction of the additional atomic component from the set of atoms PB with the common set of atoms PAB in the initial state. The method includes determining one or more transition states along a transformation path between the initial state and target state. The method includes scaling the restrain potential correspondingly along the transformation path until the potential becomes zero when a corresponding end state is reached, and calculating the free energy difference between the reference molecule and the target molecule using a value obtained along the transformation path from the initial state to the target state.

Abstract: A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and/or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

Abstract: Structure-based drug design using a computer, includes: identifying a protein target of pharmacological interest; identifying at least three different ligands for binding to the protein; for each of the ligands, determining a relative strength of binding between the ligand and the protein to form a corresponding complex; ranking the different ligands identified as forming complexes with the protein based on the determined relative binding free energies; and identifying one or more of the ranked ligands as candidates for the drug based on the ranking.

Abstract: A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and/or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

Abstract: A system, device, and method for predicting an active set of compounds that bind to a biomolecular target is disclosed. The system and device contain modules allowing for the prediction of an active set of compounds. A core identification module can identify the core of an initial lead compound. A core hopping module is used to identify potential lead compounds having different cores compared to the core of an initial lead compound. A scoring module can use computational techniques to calculate the relative binding free energy of each identified potential lead compound. An activity prediction module can use the relative binding free energy calculations to predict an active set of compounds that bind to the biomolecular target. Empirical analysis can be used to inform the accuracy and completeness of the predicted active set of compounds.

Abstract: A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and/or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

Abstract: A system, device, and method for predicting an active set of compounds that bind to a biomolecular target is disclosed. The system and device contain modules allowing for the prediction of an active set of compounds. A core identification module can identify the core of an initial lead compound. A core hopping module is used to identify potential lead compounds having different cores compared to the core of an initial lead compound. A scoring module can use computational techniques to calculate the relative binding free energy of each identified potential lead compound. An activity prediction module can use the relative binding free energy calculations to predict an active set of compounds that bind to the biomolecular target. Empirical analysis can be used to inform the accuracy and completeness of the predicted active set of compounds.

Abstract: A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and/or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

Abstract: A system, device, and method for predicting an active set of compounds that bind to a biomolecular target is disclosed. The system and device contain modules allowing for the prediction of an active set of compounds. A core identification module can identify the core of an initial lead compound. A core hopping module is used to identify potential lead compounds having different cores compared to the core of an initial lead compound. A scoring module can use computational techniques to calculate the relative binding free energy of each identified potential lead compound. An activity prediction module can use the relative binding free energy calculations to predict an active set of compounds that bind to the biomolecular target. Empirical analysis can be used to inform the accuracy and completeness of the predicted active set of compounds.

Abstract: A method for computing free energy difference between a reference molecule and a target molecule. The target molecule has the common set of atoms PAB and a set of atoms PB. The method includes applying a potential to restrain an interaction of the additional atomic component from the set of atoms PB with the common set of atoms PAB in the initial state. The method includes determining one or more transition states along a transformation path between the initial state and target state. The method includes scaling the restrain potential correspondingly along the transformation path until the potential becomes zero when a corresponding end state is reached, and calculating the free energy difference between the reference molecule and the target molecule using a value obtained along the transformation path from the initial state to the target state.

Abstract: A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and/or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

Abstract: A method for computing free energy difference between a reference molecule and a target molecule. The target molecule has the common set of atoms PAB and a set of atoms PB. The method includes applying a potential to restrain an interaction of the additional atomic component from the set of atoms PB with the common set of atoms PAB in the initial state. The method includes determining one or more transition states along a transformation path between the initial state and target state. The method includes scaling the restrain potential correspondingly along the transformation path until the potential becomes zero when a corresponding end state is reached, and calculating the free energy difference between the reference molecule and the target molecule using a value obtained along the transformation path from the initial state to the target state.

Abstract: A method for computing free energy difference between a reference molecule and a target molecule. The target molecule has the common set of atoms PAB and a set of atoms PB. The method includes applying a potential to restrain an interaction of the additional atomic component from the set of atoms PB with the common set of atoms PAB in the initial state. The method includes determining one or more transition states along a transformation path between the initial state and target state. The method includes scaling the restrain potential correspondingly along the transformation path until the potential becomes zero when a corresponding end state is reached, and calculating the free energy difference between the reference molecule and the target molecule using a value obtained along the transformation path from the initial state to the target state.

Abstract: Methods for assessing the consistency and reliability of the calculations using cycle closures in relative binding free energy calculation paths. The methods are used for determining relative strength of binding between a receptor and individual members of a set ligands to form complexes between individual ligand set members and the receptor, in which the binding free energy difference with the lowest error is determined by probabilistic determination of the free energy differences and error distributions about those differences along each of the legs of the closed thermodynamic cycle that probabilistically lead to the hysteresis(es) value(s) observed for each closed of the closed thermodynamic cycle.

Abstract: A method and system for calculating the free energy difference between a target state and a reference state. The method includes determining one or more intermediate states using a coupling parameter, performing molecular simulations to obtain ensembles of micro-states for each of the system states, and calculating the free energy difference by an analysis of the ensembles of micro-states of the system states. The method can be particularly suited for calculating physical or non-physical transformation of molecular systems such as ring-opening, ring-closing, and other transformations involving bond breaking and/or formation. A soft bond potential dependent on a bond stretching component of the coupling parameter and different from the conventional harmonic potential is used in the molecular simulations of the system states for the bond being broken or formed during the transformation.

Abstract: Methods for assessing the consistency and reliability of the calculations using cycle closures in relative binding free energy calculation paths. The methods are used for determining relative strength of binding between a receptor and individual members of a set ligands to form complexes between individual ligand set members and the receptor, in which the binding free energy difference with the lowest error is determined by probabilistic determination of the free energy differences and error distributions about those differences along each of the legs of the closed thermodynamic cycle that probabilistically lead to the hysteresis(es) value(s) observed for each closed of the closed thermodynamic cycle.