Abstract: This application discloses a data transmission method and a device. The method includes: A sender endpiont constructes n streams through an interface provided by a QUIC protocol, and sets attribute information of the streams (or sets different attribute information for different data blocks in a same stream). The sender endpiont transfers the attribute information of the streams to a first network node by using a first extended frame (or transfers the attribute information of the different data blocks in the same stream by using a second extended frame). The first or second extended frame is a frame obtained by performing protocol extension on the QUIC protocol. After receiving the first or second extended frame, the first network node determines, according to a sending policy of the first network node, routing, caching, and distribution of a target data stream, and continues to deliver the attribute information.

Abstract: A heterogeneous multi-protocol stack system including a plurality of heterogeneous protocol stack instances is described. Resource allocation between the protocol stack instances is unbalanced, and algorithms are independently configured, so that QoS capacities of different protocol stack instances are different. Data packets of applications or connections with different QoS requirements can be dispatched by a dispatcher to corresponding protocol stack instances at a high speed. When system resources are limited, the heterogeneous multi-protocol stack system is capable of simultaneously supporting classification optimization processing performed on data of a high-concurrency application, a high-throughput application, and a low-delay application, so as to meet QoS requirements of different types of applications, thereby improving user experience.

Abstract: A heterogeneous multi-protocol stack system including a plurality of heterogeneous protocol stack instances is described. Resource allocation between the protocol stack instances is unbalanced, and algorithms are independently configured, so that QoS capacities of different protocol stack instances are different. Data packets of applications or connections with different QoS requirements can be dispatched by a dispatcher to corresponding protocol stack instances at a high speed. When system resources are limited, the heterogeneous multi-protocol stack system is capable of simultaneously supporting classification optimization processing performed on data of a high-concurrency application, a high-throughput application, and a low-delay application, so as to meet QoS requirements of different types of applications, thereby improving user experience.

Abstract: Various optical isolator embodiments are disclosed. Embodiments comprise a waveguide section utilizing materials that induce a propagation constant shift that is propagation-direction-dependent. Embodiments are characterized by a cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves that is different than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves. A particular embodiment is constructed as a single-mode waveguide on a substrate. The cross-section of the waveguide is inhomogeneous in terms of materials. This inhomogeneity induces a propagation constant shift, which is propagation-direction-dependent. This device works as an optical isolator from the cut-off frequency of the lowest forward wave (lower frequency) to one for the lowest reverse wave (higher frequency). Various configurations consistent with the principles of the invention are disclosed.

Abstract: Various optical isolator embodiments are disclosed. Embodiments comprise a waveguide section utilizing materials that induce a propagation constant shift that is propagation-direction-dependent. Embodiments are characterized by a cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves that is different than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves. A particular embodiment is constructed as a single-mode waveguide on a substrate. The cross-section of the waveguide is inhomogeneous in terms of materials. This inhomogeneity induces a propagation constant shift, which is propagation-direction-dependent. This device works as an optical isolator from the cut-off frequency of the lowest forward wave (lower frequency) to one for the lowest reverse wave (higher frequency). Various configurations consistent with the principles of the invention are disclosed.

Abstract: Various optical isolator embodiments are disclosed. Embodiments comprise a waveguide section utilizing materials that induce a propagation constant shift that is propagation-direction-dependent. Embodiments are characterized by a cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves that is different than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves; the dimensions and direction of magnetization of the waveguide can be tailored so that, in a particular embodiment, the cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves is lower than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves. A particular embodiment is constructed as a single-mode waveguide on a substrate. The cross-section of the waveguide is inhomogeneous in terms of materials. At least one part of the cross-section is a non-reciprocal magneto-optic medium, which has nonzero off-diagonal permittivity tensor components. This inhomogeneity induces a propagation constant shift, which is propagation-direction-dependent.

Abstract: Various optical isolator embodiments are disclosed. Embodiments comprise a waveguide section utilizing materials that induce a propagation constant shift that is propagation-direction-dependent. Embodiments are characterized by a cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves that is different than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves; the dimensions and direction of magnetization of the waveguide can be tailored so that, in a particular embodiment, the cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves is lower than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves. A particular embodiment is constructed as a single-mode waveguide on a substrate. The cross-section of the waveguide is inhomogeneous in terms of materials. At least one part of the cross-section is a non-reciprocal magneto-optic medium, which has nonzero off-diagonal permittivity tensor components. This inhomogeneity induces a propagation constant shift, which is propagation-direction-dependent.

Abstract: Various optical isolator embodiments are disclosed. Embodiments comprise a waveguide section utilizing materials that induce a propagation constant shift that is propagation-direction-dependent. Embodiments are characterized by a cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves that is different than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves; the dimensions and direction of magnetization of the waveguide can be tailored so that, in a particular embodiment, the cutoff frequency for forward propagating waves is lower than the cutoff frequency for reverse waves. A particular embodiment is constructed as a single-mode waveguide on a substrate. The cross-section of the waveguide is inhomogeneous in terms of materials. At least one part of the cross-section is a non-reciprocal magneto-optic medium, which has nonzero off-diagonal permittivity tensor components. This inhomogeneity induces a propagation constant shift, which is propagation-direction-dependent.