Abstract: The present invention provides an analyte detection device. The device comprises first and second zones, means to allow addition of a probe to the first zone, means to allow addition of a sample suspected to contain an analyte and means to allow passage of the probe from the first zone to the second zone. The first zone contains ligands reactive with the analyte and the second zone includes a membrane the impedance of which is dependent on the presence or absence of the probe and means to measure the impedance of the membrane. It is preferred that the probe includes an ionophore, preferably gramicidin. The present invention also relates to methods of detecting the presence of an analyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides an analyte detection device. The device comprises first and second zones, means to allow addition of a probe to the first zone, means to allow addition of a sample suspected to contain an analyte and means to allow passage of the probe from the first zone to the second zone. The first zone contains ligands reactive with the analyte and the second zone includes a membrane the impedance of which is dependent on the presence or absence of the probe and means to measure the impedance of the membrane. It is preferred that the probe includes an ionophore, preferably gramicidin. The present invention also relates to methods of detecting the presence of an analyte.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising: (1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations; (2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode; (3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and (4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising: (1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations; (2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode; (3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and (4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: Biosensors fur use in detecting analytes, particularly small analytes such as those having a molecular weight of less than 5,000 Daltons, are disclosed which comprise a membrane and an electrode and a reservoir defined therebetween, the membrane having an inner layer proximate the electrode and an outer layer remote from the electrode comprising a closely packed array of amphiphilic molecules, a plurality or ionophores, and a plurality of membrane spanning lipids, the ionophores comprising first and second half membrane spanning monomers, the first half membrane spanning monomers being provided in the inner layer and being prevented from lateral diffusion within the membrane and the second half membrane spanning monomers being provided in the outer layer and being free to diffuse laterally within the membrane, the second half membrane spanning monomers having attached thereto a first receptor which is reactive with the small analyte, wherein a carrier to which is attached a plurality of the analyte is reversi

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising: (1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations; (2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode; (3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and (4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.

Abstract: Electrode membrane combinations for use in biosensors to detect analytes in a sample and methods for making and storing same are disclosed. In one aspect, a method is provided for producing a first layer electrode membrane comprising:(1) Forming a solution containing Linker Lipid A, the disulfide of mercaptoacetic acid (MAAD) or similar molecule, linker Gramicidin B, membrane spanning lipid C (MSL-C) and membrane spanning lipid D (MSL-D) or other suitable linker molecules and other ion channel combinations;(2) Contacting an electrode containing a clean gold surface with the solution, the disulfide containing components in the solution thus adsorbing onto the gold surface of the electrode;(3) Rinsing the electrode with a suitable organic solvent; and(4) Removing the excess organic solvent used for rinsing.