Abstract: A method for preparing catalyst particles includes providing a catalyst starting material and an ion beam and implanting the catalyst starting material with an ion beam dose comprised between 4.5×1018 ions/g and 2×1019 ions/g comprising monocharged or monocharged and multicharged ions with an energy of the monocharged ions in the ion beam from at least 10 keV to at most 100 keV, thereby obtaining a catalyst. Such catalyst particles are useful in NOx, CO, and/or HC emission reduction devices, fuel cells, or as a catalyst in chemical reactions.

Abstract: A method for preparing catalyst particles that includes providing an average atomic number Zavr for a catalyst starting material, providing an ion beam having an ion beam current and selecting an ion beam dose X expressed in ions/g, based on the weight of the catalyst starting material, where X follows the following equations: (7/Zavr)×1018 ions/g<X<(7/Zavr)×6×1019 ions/g, implanting the catalyst starting material with an ion beam dose X primarily comprising the selected ions, where the ratio of the current of the ion beam current to the cross-section area of the ion beam, measured at the point of contact with the catalyst starting material is at least 1.2 ?A/mm2, thereby obtaining a catalyst. The resulting catalyst particles are useful in NOx, CO, and/or HC emission reduction devices, fuel cells, or catalysts in chemical reactions.

Abstract: A method for preparing catalyst particles that includes providing a catalyst starting material, an ion beam, and an electrostatic charge reduction device selected from a source of UV light, a source of X-rays, an electron beam, and an electrically grounded catalytic starting material carrier. The method further includes implanting the catalyst starting material with an ion beam dose primarily made of monocharged or monocharged and multicharged ions with an energy of the monocharged ions in the ion beam from at least 10 keV to at most 100 keV thereby obtaining a catalyst. The obtained catalyst particles particles are useful in NOx, CO, and/or HC emission reduction devices, fuel cells, or catalysts in chemical reactions.

Abstract: A light-emitting device includes a substrate that is at least partially transparent to optical radiation and has a first index of refraction. A diode region is disposed on a first surface of the substrate and is configured to emit light responsive to a voltage applied thereto. An encapsulation layer may be disposed on a second surface of the substrate and has a second index of refraction. An antireflective layer stack is formed within the substrate directly below the second surface of the substrate. The antireflective layer has an amorphous non-porous first layer, a porous second layer, an optional amorphous non porous third layer, and a fourth layer with modified crystallinity. The encapsulation layer may also be omitted and the substrate's second surface may separate the substrate, which has an antireflective layer stack within the substrate, directly below the second substrate surface, from air.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for increasing the scratch resistance of a glass substrate by implantation of simple charge and multicharge ions, comprising maintaining the temperature of the area of the glass substrate being treated at a temperature that is less than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate, selecting the ions to be implanted among the ions of Ar, He, and N, setting the acceleration voltage for the extraction of the ions at a value comprised between 5 kV and 200 kV and setting the ion dosage at a value comprised between 1014 ions/cm2 and 2.5×1017 ions/cm2.The invention further concerns glass substrates comprising an area treated by implantation of simple charge and multicharge ions according to this process and their use for reducing the probability of scratching on the glass substrate upon mechanical contact.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for increasing the scratch resistance of a glass substrate by implantation of simple charge and multicharge ions, comprising maintaining the temperature of the area of the glass substrate being treated at a temperature that is less than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the glass substrate, selecting the ions to be implanted among the ions of Ar, He, and N, setting the acceleration voltage for the extraction of the ions at a value comprised between 5 kV and 200 kV and setting the ion dosage at a value comprised between 1014 ions/cm2 and 2.5×1017 ions/cm2.The invention further concerns glass substrates comprising an area treated by implantation of simple charge and multicharge ions according to this process and their use for reducing the probability of scratching on the glass substrate upon mechanical contact.

Abstract: A solar energy reflector (1) comprises a mirror (5) with no copper layer laminated to a supporting sheet (7) by means of a bonding material (6). The edges of the mirror (5) are provided, at least on a portion forming the major part of their height and closest to the metallic sheet, with an edge protection (8) made of a material comprising silicone, polyurethane and/or acrylic and the material forming the edge protection (8) is different from the bonding material (6).

Abstract: A solar energy reflector (1) comprises a mirror (5) with no copper layer laminated to a supporting sheet (7) by means of a bonding material (6). The edges of the mirror (5) are provided, at least on a portion forming the major part of their height and closest to the metallic sheet, with an edge protection (8) made of a material comprising silicone, polyurethane and/or acrylic and the material forming the edge protection (8) is different from the bonding material (6).

Abstract: Mirrors with no copper layer according to the present invention comprise a glass substrate, a silver coating layer provided at a surface of the glass substrate and at least two paint layers covering the silver coating layer, the outermost paint layer comprising a polyurethane resin based paint. They are characterized in that the paint layers are free of alkyd resin and in that the first paint layer closest to the silver coating layer has a thickness of at least 10 ?m.

Abstract: Precipitated silicas including clusters of large primary silica particles having at the surface thereof small primary silica particles, have a specific surface area CTAB (SCTAB) ranging from 60 to 400 m2/g; a cluster average size d50, as measured by XDC grading after ultrasound deagglomeration, such that d50 (nm)>(6214/SCTAB (m2/g)+23; a pore volume distribution such that V(d5-d50)/V(d5-d100)>0.906?(0.0013×SCATB (m2/g)); and a pore size distribution such that Mode (nm)>(4166/SCTAB (m2/g))?9.2; such silicas are useful reinforcing fillers for polymers.

Abstract: A solar energy reflector (1) comprises a mirror (5) with no copper layer laminated to a supporting sheet (7) by means of a bonding material (6). The edges of the mirror (5) are provided, at least on a portion forming the major part of their height and closest to the metallic sheet, with an edge protection (8) made of a material comprising silicone, polyurethane and/or acrylic and the material forming the edge protection (8) is different from the bonding material (6).

Abstract: A process for manufacturing mirrors with increased reflectance includes forming a silver layer on a surface of a glass substrate, during which the surface is contacted with a silvering solution, and painting at least one paint layer to cover the silver layer. Between forming the silver layer and the painting, the process includes reheating the silver layer to a temperature of at least 200° C.

Abstract: Mirrors with no copper layer according to the present invention comprise a glass substrate, a silver coating layer provided at a surface of the glass substrate and at least two paint layers covering the silver coating layer, the outermost paint layer comprising a polyurethane resin based paint. They are characterised in that the paint layers are free of alkyd resin and in that the first paint layer closest to the silver coating layer has a thickness of at least 10 ?m.

Abstract: Mirror consisting of a glass substrate having a front surface and a rear surface, the rear surface carrying, in order, a silver coating layer and at least one base paint layer. The glass substrate, the silver coating layer, and the at least one base paint layer each have an edge portion having a rear facing surface arranged at an acute angle to the front surface of the mirror. An additional paint layer covers the entire surface of the base paint layer and the rear facing surfaces of the glass substrate and the silver coating layer.

Abstract: Mirrors according to the present invention comprise a glass substrate (1) having a front surface (10) and a rear surface (11), said rear surface (11) carrying, in order, a silver coating layer (2) and at least one base paint layer (3); they are characterised in that the glass substrate (1), the silver coating layer (2) and the at least one base paint layer (3) have each an edge portion having a rear facing surface (51, 52, 53) arranged at an acute angle (?1, ?2, ?3) to the front surface of the mirror and in that they comprise an additional paint layer (4) covering substantially the whole surface of the at least one base paint layer (3) and the rear facing surfaces (51, 52, 53) of the glass substrate (1), silver coating layer (2) and at least one base paint layer (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing mirrors and to mirrors produced in this manner. The process comprises a step fir forming a silver layer on a surface of a glass substrate, during which said surface is brought into contact with a silvering solution, and a painting step, during which the silver layer is covered by at least one paint layer. It is characterised by the fact that between the step for forming the silver layer and the painting step it comprises a step for reheating the silver layer to a temperature of at least 200° C.

Abstract: Solar energy reflectors (1) according to the present invention comprise a mirror (5) laminated to a support (6) by means of a bonding material (9) comprising a foam tape.

Abstract: Mirror assemblies according to the present invention comprise a mirror (1) and a facing panel (2) with a sealed gas space (5) therebetween. The mirror (1) may be a mirror comprising a glass substrate (10), a silver coating layer (11) and at least one paint layer (12), or a mirror comprising an organic mirror film (14) bonded to a substrate (13). In the case of a glass mirror, the at least one paint layer (12) faces the sealed gas space (5) and in the case of a mirror comprising an organic mirror film (14), the mirror film faces the sealed gas space (5).

Abstract: Precipitated silicas including clusters of large primary silica particles having at the surface thereof small primary silica particles, have a specific surface area CTAB (SCTAB) ranging from 60 to 400 m2/g; a cluster average size d50, as measured by XDC grading after ultrasound deagglomeration, such that d50 (nm)>(6214/SCTAB (m2/g)+23; a pore volume distribution such that V(d5-d50)/V(d5-d100)>0.906?(0.0013×SCATB (m2/g)); and a pore size distribution such that Mode (nm)>(4166/SCTAB (m2/g))?9.2; such silicas are useful reinforcing fillers for polymers.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing anisotropic silica aggregates comprising the following steps: a) contacting at least one polymer with non-aggregated silica particles and/or highly dispersed in an aqueous medium, with a ratio R, polymer weight to silica particle surface, ranging between 0.03 and 2 mg/m; 2; and whereof the electrostatic value of the silica particle surface is not less than the value of the charge of the silica particle surface measured in an aqueous phase without added salts at a pH not less than 7; b) consolidating the aggregates obtained at step a) either by heat treatment, or by precipitation of a mineral compound.