Abstract: Hydroxy-substituted sphingolipids are useful as constituents in cosmetic formulations. A method for preparing the sphingolipids involves reacting a lysosphingolipid with a hydroxycarboxylic acid or an intramolecular cyclic ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid. The sphingolipids can be used for therapy or prophylaxis of cell damage, including skin cell damage and cell damage induced by UV radiation.

Abstract: Methods and systems for identifying and resolving payment integrity issues are provided. Analytic techniques that may include a query component, an artificial intelligence engine, and a text mining component are integrated into a payment integrity system. One or more of the analysis components provide information from a source transaction system to an audit module. The audit module utilizes the outputs from the analysis components to resolve whether or not a claim payment was overpaid or underpaid. The audit module may subsequently instruct one of the analysis components to further analyze information from the source transaction system in accordance with previously provided information from another analysis component. The audit module may also subsequently instruct the recovery and adjustments module to act upon the result of the audit. The payment integrity system may also receive an indication of a provider claim dispute and resolve the dispute.