Abstract: Hydroxy-substituted sphingolipids are useful as constituents in cosmetic formulations. A method for preparing the sphingolipids involves reacting a lysosphingolipid with a hydroxycarboxylic acid or an intramolecular cyclic ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid. The sphingolipids can be used for therapy or prophylaxis of cell damage, including skin cell damage and cell damage induced by UV radiation.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of determining a current location speed limit in a road vehicle (1) speed limit information system (20). The method comprises receiving (6): one or more signals corresponding to respective candidate speed limits (7); and one or more signals related to observed vehicle dynamics affecting changes (8) in one or more vehicles (1, 5) pre and post a most recently passed anticipated speed limit change location (2). It further comprises evaluating (9) the confidence of the different candidate speed limits (7) based on the signals related to observed vehicle dynamics affecting changes (8) and validating (10a) or discarding (10b) candidate speed limits (7) based on the evaluated confidences. A signal (13) corresponding to a highest confidence validated speed limit is output.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of determining a current location speed limit in a road vehicle (1) speed limit information system (20). The method comprises receiving (6): one or more signals corresponding to respective candidate speed limits (7); and one or more signals related to observed vehicle dynamics affecting changes (8) in one or more vehicles (1, 5) pre and post a most recently passed anticipated speed limit change location (2). It further comprises evaluating (9) the confidence of the different candidate speed limits (7) based on the signals related to observed vehicle dynamics affecting changes (8) and validating (10a) or discarding (10b) candidate speed limits (7) based on the evaluated confidences. A signal (13) corresponding to a highest confidence validated speed limit is output.