Abstract: A method of synthesizing a chiral compound having a quaternary carbon atom bearing diastereotopic groups from (a) a nitroolefin and (b) an ?-substituted ?-dicarbonyl or an equivalent compound having an acidic C—H moiety compound is disclosed. A subsequent intramolecular reaction between one of the substituents comprising the stereogenic carbon atom and one of the diastereotopic groups comprising the quaternary carbon atom creates a new compound having two contiguous stereogenic centers, one of which is quaternary, with control over the relative stereochemistry.

Abstract: A treated paper product is provided according to the invention. The treated paper product comprises a result of applying a water based emulsion to a paper base sheet to provide an impregnated paper product, and drying the impregnated paper product to a water content of less than about 8 wt. % to provide the treated paper product. The water based emulsion includes a barrier and/or release forming component comprising at least one of stearylated melamine, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, isoparaffin wax, microcrystalline wax, fluoropolymer wax, silicone wax, alkyl ketene materials, octyl succinic anhydride, Werner chrome complex, natural wax, and mixtures thereof. The water based emulsion can have a solids content of between about 2 wt. % and about 50 wt. % when it is applied to the paper base sheet. Methods for manufacturing and using the treated paper product, and a combination food and treated paper product are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tribenzylcyclen compounds of formula I ##STR1## (where R is hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group optionally substituted by hydroxy, alkoxy or aryl groups or R is an amphiphilic aralkyl group comprising a N, S, O or P interrupted C.sub.2-25 alkylene chain, e.g. a polyalkylene oxide chain or R provides a bridge to a second tribenzylcyclen group, but with the proviso that R is other than benzyl; X is CHR.sub.1, or where R is hydrogen two X groups may each represent CO groups; and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by hydroxy, alkoxy or carboxy groups or an aralkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons in the alkyl moiety and optionally. substituted in the aryl moiety by alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy or isothiocyanate groups). These compounds are useful in the preparation of DO3A, N-substituted-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N',N",N'"-triacetic acids, and the phosphonic acid analogs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tribenzylcyclen compounds of formula I ##STR1## (where R is hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group optionally substituted by hydroxy, alkoxy or aryl groups or R is an amphiphilic aralkyl group comprising a N, S, O or P interrupted C.sub.2-25 alkylene chain, e.g. a polyalkylene oxide chain or R provides a bridge to a second tribenzylcyclen group, but with the proviso that R is other than benzyl; X is CHR.sub.1, or where R is hydrogen two X groups may each represent CO groups; and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by hydroxy, alkoxy or carboxy groups or an aralkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons in the alkyl moiety and optionally. substituted in the aryl moiety by alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy or isothiocyanate groups). These compounds are useful in the preparation of DO3A, N-substituted-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N',N",N"'-triacetic acids, and the phosphonic acid analogs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tribenzylcyclen compounds of formula I ##STR1## (where R is hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group optionally substituted by hydroxy, alkoxy or aryl groups or R is an amphiphilic aralkyl group comprising a N, S, O or P interrupted C.sub.2-25 alkylene chain, e.g. a polyalkylene oxide chain or R provides a bridge to a second tribenzylcyclen group, but with the proviso that R is other than benzyl; X is CHR.sub.1, or where R is hydrogen two X groups may each represent CO groups; and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by hydroxy, alkoxy or carboxy groups or an aralkyl group having 1 to 6 carbons in the alkyl moiety and optionally substituted in the aryl moiety by alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy or isothiocyanate groups). These compounds are useful in the preparation of DO3A, N-substituted-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N',N",N"'-triacetic acids, and the phosphonic acid analogs.